path: root/docs/docs/stable/installer/sv/SelectAndUseISOs2.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ns42="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ns5="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" version="5.0" xml:lang="sv" xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs">
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  <info>
    <!-- Made by Lebarhon 2014 03 26 

Lebarhon updated for Mageia 6 2016 12 16 (still waiting for clarification about 1.3.2-->
<!--2018/02/07 apb: Text and typography.-->
<!--2018/02/17 apb: Typo-->
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<!--2018/02/20 apb: Adjusted sections 1.1 and 1.2.
  a) The main intro previously stated that there were 2 families of media, but listed at 1.2.4 is NetInstall. Therefore, I included a NetInstall entry in 1.1.
  b) Logically followed to move the NetInstall description up frome 1.2.4 to the main intro.
  c) Moved the 'Important' text from Live 1.2.3.1 Common features to the main intro because it is not really part of 'Common features', and I think its more natural location is in the main intro.-->
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<title xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs-ti1">Välj och använd ISO-filer</title>
  </info>
  <section>
    <title>Presentation</title>
    <para>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose
which image best suits your needs.</para>
    <para>There are three types of installation media:</para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">Classical installer:</emphasis> Booting with this
media provides you with the maximum flexibility when choosing what to
install, and for configuring your system. In particular, you have a choice
of which Desktop environment to install.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">LIVE media:</emphasis> This option allows you to try
out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make any changes to
your computer. However, the Live media also includes an Installer, which can
be started when booting the media, or after booting into the Live operating
system itself.</para>
        <note>
          <para>The Live Installer is simpler compared to the Classical Installer - but you
have fewer configuration options.</para>
        </note>
        <important>
          <para>Live ISOs can only be used to create <quote>clean</quote> installations,
they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed Mageia releases.</para>
        </important>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">Net Install</emphasis>: These are minimal ISO's
containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX installer
and find <literal>DrakX-installer-stage2</literal> and other packages that
are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be on
the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the Internet.</para>
        <para>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient if
bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC without a
DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <para>More details are given in the next sections.</para>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Definition</title>
      <para>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to
install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical medium (DVD,
USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.</para>
      <para>Du kan hitta ISO-filer för Mageia <link
ns4:href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/">här</link>.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Klassiska installtionsmedier</title>
      <section>
        <title>Vanliga funktioner</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>De här ISO-filerna använder den klassiska installeraren som kallas DrakX</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a previously
installed version of Mageia</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Olika media för 32 och 64-bitars arkitekturer</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Some tools are available in the Installer <quote>Welcome</quote> screen:
<emphasis>Rescue System, Memory Test, </emphasis>and <emphasis>Hardware
Detection Tool</emphasis></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Varje DVD innehåller många tillgängliga skrivbordsmiljöer och språk</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non-free software</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Live media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Vanliga funktioner</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without having to install
it</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Live-mediet inkluderar också en installerare.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Varje ISO innehåller endast en skrivbordsmiljö (Plasma, GNOME eller Xfce)</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Olika media för 32 och 64-bitars arkitekturer</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>De innehåller icke-fri mjukvara</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Plasma</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Endast skrivbordsmiljön Plasma</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All available languages are present</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>endast 64-bitars arkitektur</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD GNOME</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>endast skrivbordsmiljön GNOME</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All available languages are present</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>endast 64-bitars arkitektur</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Xfce</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>endast skrivbordsmiljön Xfce</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All available languages are present</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>32 eller 64-bitars arkitekturer</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Net install media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Vanliga funktioner</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Olika media för 32 och 64-bitars arkitekturer</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>First steps are English language only</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Innehåller endast fri mjukvara, för de som föredrar att inte använda
icke-fri mjukvara</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall-nonfree.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Innehåller icke-fri mjukvara (mestadels drivrutiner, kodekar...) för de som
behöver det</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Laddar ner och kontrollerar media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Hämtar</title>
      <para>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or
BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some information, such as
the mirror in use and an option to switch to an alternative if the bandwidth
is too low.</para>
      <para>If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding checksums.</para>

      <para><literal>md5sum</literal>, <literal>sha1sum</literal> and
<literal>sha512sum</literal> (the most secure) are tools to check the ISO
integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric characters) for
use in the next section.</para>
      <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata align="center" fileref="Checking.png"/>
</imageobject></mediaobject>

      <para>In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will open:</para>
      <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata align="center" fileref="Download.png"/>
</imageobject></mediaobject>
      <para>Klicka på <emphasis>Spara fil</emphasis>, klicka sen på
<emphasis>OK</emphasis>.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title xml:id="integrity">Kontrollerar integriteten på nerladdad media</title>
      <para>The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints generated by an
algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may compare the checksum of
your downloaded ISO against that of the original source ISO. If the
checksums do not match, it means that the actual data on the ISO's do not
match, and if that is the case, then you should retry the download or
attempt a repair using BitTorrent.</para>
      <para>To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console, (no need
to be root), and:</para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>To use the md5sum, type: <command>md5sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</command></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>To use the sha1sum, type: <command>sha1sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</command></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>To use the sha512sum, type: <command>sha512sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</command></para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>Exempel:</para>
      <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata align="center" fileref="Md5sum.png"/>
</imageobject></mediaobject>

      <para>then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with the ISO
checksum provided by Mageia.</para>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Bränn eller dumpa ISO-filen.</title>
    <para>The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or <quote>dumped</quote> to a
USB stick. This is not a standard copy operation, as a bootable medium will
actually be created.</para>
    <section>
      <title>Att bränna ISO-filen till en CD/DVD</title>
      <para>Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn an<emphasis>
image</emphasis> is used. Burn <emphasis>data</emphasis> or
<emphasis>files</emphasis> is NOT correct. See the <link
ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images">the Mageia
wiki</link> for more information.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Dumpa ISOn till ett USB-minne</title>
      <para>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a USB stick
and then use that to boot and install the system.</para>
      <warning>
        <para>Dumping an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on
the device and all existing data will be lost.</para>
      </warning>
      <note>
        <para>Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be the Mageia
ISO partition.</para>
        <para>So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the stick will
then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB is no longer
formatted - hence not currently available for use. To recover the original
capacity, you must reformat and repartition the USB stick.</para>
      </note>
      <section>
        <title>Använda ett grafiskt verktyg i Mageia</title>
        <para>Du kan använda ett grafiskt verktyg som t. ex. <link
ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks">IsoDumper</link></para>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Använda ett grafiskt verktyg i Windows</title>
        <para>Du kan prova:</para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para><link ns4:href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US">Rufus</link> using the
"ISO image" option</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para><link
ns4:href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager">Win32-diskavbildaren</link></para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system</title>
        <warning>
          <para>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk overwriting
potentially valuable existing data if you specify the wrong target device.</para>
        </warning>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Öppna en konsol</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Become a <emphasis>root</emphasis> (Administrator) user with the command
<command>su -</command> (don't forget the <command>-</command> )</para>
            <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata align="center" fileref="Root.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also means do not open
any application or file manager that could access or read it)</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Skriv kommandot <command>fdisk -l</command></para>
            <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata align="center" fileref="Fdisk.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example
<filename>/dev/sdb</filename> in the screenshot above, is an 8GB USB stick.</para>
            <para>Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command
<command>dmesg</command>. Towards the end of the following example, you can
see the device name starting with <filename>sd</filename>, and in this case,
<filename>sdd</filename> is the actual device. You can also see that its
size is 2GB:</para>
            <para><screen>[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  <emphasis>sdd</emphasis>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</screen></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Skriv kommandot: <command>dd if=genväg/till/ISO
of=/dev/sd<replaceable>X</replaceable> bs=1M</command></para>
            <para>Där <replaceable>X</replaceable>=namnet på din enhet t.ex:
<filename>/dev/sdd</filename></para>
            <para>Example:<literal> dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso
of=/dev/sdd bs=1M</literal></para>
            <tip>
              <para>It might be helpful to know that <emphasis role="bold">if</emphasis> stands
for <emphasis role="bold">i</emphasis>nput <emphasis
role="bold">f</emphasis>ile and <emphasis role="bold">of</emphasis> stands
for <emphasis role="bold">o</emphasis>utput <emphasis
role="bold">f</emphasis>ile</para>
            </tip>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Skriv kommandot: <command>sync</command></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your USB stick.</para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
</section>