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|
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Zgjidh dhe përdorë ISOs</title>
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<div lang="sq" class="section" title="Zgjidh dhe përdorë ISOs">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title"><a name="Select-and-use-ISOs"></a>Zgjidh dhe përdorë ISOs
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Paraqitje">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e19"></a>Paraqitje
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose
which image match your needs.
</p>
<p>There is two families of media:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a process
allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your target
system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized installation,
in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you will install.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system without
installing it, to see what you will get after installation. The
installation process is simpler, but you get lesser choices.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Details are given in the next sections.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Media">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e29"></a>Media
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Përcaktim">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e31"></a>Përcaktim
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to
install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO
file is copied to.
</p>
<p>Ju mund ti gjeni <a class="ulink" href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/" target="_top">këtu</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Classical installation media">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e36"></a>Classical installation media
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Common features">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e38"></a>Common features
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>These ISOs use the traditional installer called drakx.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Ata janë në gjendje të bëjnë një instalim të pastër ose një përditësimi nga
lëshimet e mëparshme.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue System, Memory Test,
Hardware Detection Tool.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Ju do ju jepet zgjedhja gjatë instalimit të shtoni programe jo të lirë.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live media">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e53"></a>Live media
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Common features">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e55"></a>Common features
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Can be used to preview the distribution without installing it on a HDD, and
optionally install Mageia on to your HDD.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce).</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="bold"><strong>Live ISOs can only be used to create clean
installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous
releases.</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>They contain non free software.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live DVD Plasma">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e69"></a>Live DVD Plasma
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Plasma desktop environment only.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Të gjitha gjuhët janë të pranishëme.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>64 bit architecture only.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live DVD GNOME">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e78"></a>Live DVD GNOME
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>GNOME desktop environment only.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Të gjitha gjuhët janë të pranishëme.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>64 bit architecture only</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live DVD Xfce">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e87"></a>Live DVD Xfce
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Xfce desktop environment only.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Të gjitha gjuhët janë të pranishëme.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Boot-only CD media">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e96"></a>Boot-only CD media
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Common features">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e98"></a>Common features
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to
start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages
that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be
on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the
Internet.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when
bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a
PC that can't boot from a USB stick.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Vetëm gjuha angleze.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="netinstall.iso">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e109"></a>netinstall.iso
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Contains only free software, for those people who prefer not to use non-free
software.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="netinstall-nonfree.iso">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e114"></a>netinstall-nonfree.iso
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for people who need
it.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Downloading and Checking Media">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e119"></a>Downloading and Checking Media
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Shkarkim">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e121"></a>Shkarkim
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or
BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the
mirror in use and an opportunity to change if the bandwidth is to low. If
http is chosen, you may also see something like
</p>
<p>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of
them. Keep one of them <a class="link" href="Select-and-use-ISOs.html#integrity">for further
usage</a>. Then a window similar to this one appears:
</p>
<p>Check the radio button Save File.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Checking the integrity of the downloaded media">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e133"></a>Checking the integrity of the downloaded media
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm from the
file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this
number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your
downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a
failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download or attempt a
repair using BitTorrent.
</p>
<p>Open a console, no need to be root, and:</p>
<p>- To use md5sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>md5sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</code></strong>.
</p>
<p>- To use sha1sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sha1sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</code></strong>.
</p>
<p>and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to wait for a
while) with the number given by Mageia. Example:
</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Burn or dump the ISO">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e146"></a>Burn or dump the ISO
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB
stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a bootable
medium.
</p>
<div class="section" title="Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e149"></a>Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly
to <span class="bold"><strong>burn an image</strong></span>, burn data or files is not
correct. There is more information in <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images" target="_top">the Mageia
wiki</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Dump the ISO to a USB stick">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e154"></a>Dump the ISO to a USB stick
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a USB stick
and then use it to boot and install the system.
</p>
<div class="warning" title="Paralajmërim" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Warning">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Paralajmërim]" src="warning.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>"Dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on
the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be
reduced to the image size.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and re-format
the USB stick.
</p>
<div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Mageia">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e160"></a>Using a graphical tool within Mageia
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can use a graphical tool like <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks" target="_top">IsoDumper</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Windows">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e164"></a>Using a graphical tool within Windows
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Ju mund të provoni:</p>
<p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US" target="_top">Rufus</a> using the
"ISO image" option;
</p>
<p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager" target="_top">Win32
Disk Imager</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e171"></a>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="warning" title="Paralajmërim" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Warning">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Paralajmërim]" src="warning.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to overwrite a
disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>You can also use the dd tool in a console:</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Hap panel komandimi</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Bëhuni root me komandën <strong class="userinput"><code>su -</code></strong> (mos harroni '-' në fund
)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Plug in your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any
application or file manager that could access or read it)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Shkruani komandën <strong class="userinput"><code>fdisk -l</code></strong></p>
<p>Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command
<code class="code">dmesg</code>: at end, you see the device name starting with
<span class="emphasis"><em>sd</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span> in this case:
</p>
<pre class="screen">[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 2GB 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251] <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</pre>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example
<code class="code">/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB USB stick.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Shkruani komandën: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sdX
bs=1M</code></strong></p>
<p>Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc</p>
<p>Example: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso
of=/dev/sdb bs=1M</code></strong></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Shkruani komandën: # <strong class="userinput"><code>sync</code></strong></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Unplug your USB stick, it is done</p>
</li>
</ol>
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