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|
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Selecció i utilització de les ISOs</title>
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<div lang="ca" class="section" title="Selecció i utilització de les ISOs">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title"><a name="Select-and-use-ISOs"></a>Selecció i utilització de les ISOs
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Introducció">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e19"></a>Introducció
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose
which image match your needs.
</p>
<p>There is two families of media:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a process
allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your target
system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized installation,
in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you will install.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system without
installing it, to see what you will get after installation. The
installation process is simpler, but you get lesser choices.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Details are given in the next sections.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Suport">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e29"></a>Suport
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Definició">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e31"></a>Definició
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to
install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO
file is copied to.
</p>
<p>Els podeu trobar <a class="ulink" href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/" target="_top">aquí</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Suports d'instal·lació clàssics">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e36"></a>Suports d'instal·lació clàssics
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Característiques comunes">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e38"></a>Característiques comunes
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Aquestes ISOs fan servir l'instal·lador clàssic anomenat drakx.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Poden fer una instal·lació neta o bé una actualització des de versions
anteriors.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Suports diferents per a arquitectura de 32 ó 64 bits.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue System, Memory Test,
Hardware Detection Tool.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Cada DVD conté diversos entorns d'escriptori disponible i diversos idiomes.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Durant la instal·lació se us oferirà la possibilitat d'afegir programari de
propietat.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Mitjà autònom">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e53"></a>Mitjà autònom
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Característiques comunes">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e55"></a>Característiques comunes
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Es pot utilitzar per a tenir una previsualització de la distribució sense
instal·lar-la al disc dur, amb la possibilitat d'instal·lar Mageia al disc
dur si ho voleu.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce).</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Suports diferents per a arquitectura de 32 ó 64 bits.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="bold"><strong>Live ISOs can only be used to create clean
installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous
releases.</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Contenen programari de propietat.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live DVD Plasma">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e69"></a>Live DVD Plasma
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Plasma desktop environment only.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Conté tots els idiomes.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>64 bit architecture only.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="DVD autònom de GNOME">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e78"></a>DVD autònom de GNOME
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Només entorn d'escriptori GNOME.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Conté tots els idiomes.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>64 bit architecture only</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live DVD Xfce">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e87"></a>Live DVD Xfce
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Xfce desktop environment only.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Conté tots els idiomes.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Suport CD només d'arrencada">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e96"></a>Suport CD només d'arrencada
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Característiques comunes">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e98"></a>Característiques comunes
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to
start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages
that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be
on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the
Internet.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when
bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a
PC that can't boot from a USB stick.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Suports diferents per a arquitectura de 32 ó 64 bits.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Només en anglès.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="netinstall.iso">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e109"></a>netinstall.iso
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Contains only free software, for those people who prefer not to use non-free
software.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="netinstall-nonfree.iso">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e114"></a>netinstall-nonfree.iso
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Conté programari de propietat (principalment controladors, còdecs...) per a
qui el necessiti.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Baixada i comprovació del mitjà">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e119"></a>Baixada i comprovació del mitjà
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Baixada">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e121"></a>Baixada
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or
BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the
mirror in use and an opportunity to change if the bandwidth is to low. If
http is chosen, you may also see something like
</p>
<p>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of
them. Keep one of them <a class="link" href="Select-and-use-ISOs.html#integrity">for further
usage</a>. Then a window similar to this one appears:
</p>
<p>Check the radio button Save File.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Checking the integrity of the downloaded media">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e133"></a>Checking the integrity of the downloaded media
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm from the
file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this
number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your
downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a
failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download or attempt a
repair using BitTorrent.
</p>
<p>Obriu una consola, no cal que sigueu root, i:</p>
<p>- Per a fer servir md5sum, teclegeu: [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>md5sum
camí/cap/a/la/imatge/fitxer.iso</code></strong>.
</p>
<p>- Per a fer servir sha1sum, teclegeu [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sha1sum
camí/cap/a/la/imatge/fitxer.iso</code></strong>.
</p>
<p>and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to wait for a
while) with the number given by Mageia. Example:
</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Enregistrament o bolcat de l'ISO">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e146"></a>Enregistrament o bolcat de l'ISO
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB
stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a bootable
medium.
</p>
<div class="section" title="Enregistrament de l'ISO a un CD/DVD">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e149"></a>Enregistrament de l'ISO a un CD/DVD
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly
to <span class="bold"><strong>burn an image</strong></span>, burn data or files is not
correct. There is more information in <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images" target="_top">the Mageia
wiki</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Bolcat de l'ISO a un llapis de memòria USB">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e154"></a>Bolcat de l'ISO a un llapis de memòria USB
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Totes les ISO de Mageia són híbrides, que vol dir que les podeu «bolcar» a
un llapis de memòria USB i després fer-lo servir per a arrencar i instal·lar
el sistema.
</p>
<div class="warning" title="Avís" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Warning">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Avís]" src="warning.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>"Dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on
the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be
reduced to the image size.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>Per recuperar la capacitat original, heu de refer les particions i tornar a
formatar la memòria USB.
</p>
<div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Mageia">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e160"></a>Using a graphical tool within Mageia
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can use a graphical tool like <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks" target="_top">IsoDumper</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Windows">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e164"></a>Using a graphical tool within Windows
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Podeu provar:</p>
<p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US" target="_top">Rufus</a> using the
"ISO image" option;
</p>
<p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager" target="_top">Win32
Disk Imager</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e171"></a>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="warning" title="Avís" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Warning">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Avís]" src="warning.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to overwrite a
disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>També podeu fer servir l'eina dd en una consola:</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Obriu una consola</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Convertiu-vos en root amb l'ordre <strong class="userinput"><code>su -</code></strong> (no oblideu el
«-» final)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Plug in your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any
application or file manager that could access or read it)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Introduïu l'ordre <strong class="userinput"><code>fdisk -l</code></strong></p>
<p>Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command
<code class="code">dmesg</code>: at end, you see the device name starting with
<span class="emphasis"><em>sd</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span> in this case:
</p>
<pre class="screen">[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 2GB 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251] <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</pre>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example
<code class="code">/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB USB stick.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Introduïu l'ordre: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd if=camí/al/fitxer/ISO of=/dev/sdX
bs=1M</code></strong></p>
<p>On X=nom del dispositiu, per exemple: /dev/sdc</p>
<p>Example: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso
of=/dev/sdb bs=1M</code></strong></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Introduïu l'ordre: # <strong class="userinput"><code>sync</code></strong></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Desconnecteu el llapis de memòria USB, ja està</p>
</li>
</ol>
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