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This file describes the installation process for ppp-2.3 on systems
running Solaris 2. The Solaris 2 and SVR4 ports share a lot of code
but are not identical. The STREAMS kernel modules and driver for
Solaris 2 are in the svr4 directory (and use some code from the
modules directory).
NOTE: Although the kernel driver and modules have been designed to
operate correctly on SMP systems, they have not been extensively
tested on SMP machines. Some users of SMP Solaris x86 systems have
reported system problems apparently linked to the use of previous
versions of this software. I believe these problems have been fixed.
Installation.
*************
1. Run the configure script and make the user-level programs and the
kernel modules.
./configure
make
If you wish to use gcc (or another compiler) instead of Sun's cc, edit
the svr4/Makedefs file and uncomment the definition of CC. You can
also change the options passed to the C compiler by editing the COPTS
definition.
2. Install the programs and kernel modules: as root, do
make install
This installs pppd, chat and pppstats in /usr/local/bin and the kernel
modules in /kernel/drv and /kernel/strmod, and creates the /etc/ppp
directory and populates it with default configuration files. You can
change the installation directories by editing svr4/Makedefs.
If your system normally has only one network interface, the default
Solaris 2 system startup scripts will disable IP forwarding in the IP
kernel module. This will prevent the remote machine from using the
local machine as a gateway to access other hosts. The solution is to
create an /etc/ppp/ip-up script containing something like this:
#!/bin/sh
/usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1
See the man page for ip(7p) for details.
Dynamic STREAMS Re-Plumbing Support.
************************************
Solaris 8 includes dynamic re-plumbing support. With this, modules
below ip can be inserted, or removed, without having the ip stream be
unplumbed, and re-plumbed again. All states in ip for an interface
will therefore now be preserved. Users can install (or upgrade)
modules like firewall, bandwidth manager, cache manager, tunneling,
etc., without shutting the machine down.
To support this, ppp driver now uses /dev/udp instead of /dev/ip for
the ip stream. The interface stream (where ip module pushed on top of
ppp) is then I_PLINK'ed below the ip stream. /dev/udp is used because
STREAMS will not let a driver be PLINK'ed under itself, and /dev/ip is
typically the driver at the bottom of the tunneling interfaces
stream. The mux ids of the ip streams are then added using
SIOCSxIFMUXID ioctl.
Users will be able to see the modules on the interface stream by, for
example:
pikapon% ifconfig ppp modlist
0 ip
1 ppp
Or arbitrarily if bandwidth manager and firewall modules are installed:
pikapon% ifconfig hme0 modlist
0 arp
1 ip
2 ipqos
3 firewall
4 hme
Snoop Support.
**************
This version includes support for /usr/sbin/snoop. Tests has been done
on both Solaris 7 and 8. Only IPv4 and IPv6 packets will be sent up to
stream(s) marked as promiscuous, e.g, snoop et al.
Users will be able to see the packets on the ppp interface by, for example:
snoop -d ppp0
See the man page for snoop(1M) for details.
IPv6 Support.
*************
This is for Solaris 8 and later.
This version has been tested under Solaris 8 running IPv6. As of now,
interoperability testing has only been done between Solaris machines
in terms of the IPV6 NCP. An additional command line option for the
pppd daemon has been added: ipv6cp-use-persistent.
By default, compilation for IPv6 support is not enabled. Uncomment
the necessary lines in pppd/Makefile.sol2 to enable it. Once done, the
quickest way to get IPv6 running is to add the following somewhere in
the command line option:
+ipv6 ipv6cp-use-persistent
The persistent id for the link-local address was added to conform to
RFC 2472; such that if there's an EUI-48 available, use that to make
up the EUI-64. As of now, the Solaris implementation extracts the
EUI-48 id from the Ethernet's MAC address (the ethernet interface
needs to be up). Future works might support other ways of obtaining a
unique yet persistent id, such as EEPROM serial numbers, etc.
There need not be any up/down scripts for ipv6, e.g. /etc/ppp/ipv6-up
or /etc/ppp/ipv6-down, to trigger IPv6 neighbor discovery for auto
configuration and routing. The in.ndpd daemon will perform all of the
necessary jobs in the background. /etc/inet/ndpd.conf can be further
customized to enable the machine as an IPv6 router. See the man page
for in.ndpd(1M) and ndpd.conf(4) for details.
Below is a sample output of "ifconfig -a" with persistent link-local
address. Note the UNNUMBERED flag is set because hme0 and ppp0 both
have identical link-local IPv6 addresses:
lo0: flags=1000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 8232 index 1
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
hme0: flags=1000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2
inet 129.146.86.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 129.146.86.255
ether 8:0:20:8d:38:c1
lo0: flags=2000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv6> mtu 8252 index 1
inet6 ::1/128
hme0: flags=2000841<UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv6> mtu 1500 index 2
ether 8:0:20:8d:38:c1
inet6 fe80::a00:20ff:fe8d:38c1/10
hme0:1: flags=2080841<UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST,ADDRCONF,IPv6> mtu 1500 index 2
inet6 fec0::56:a00:20ff:fe8d:38c1/64
hme0:2: flags=2080841<UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST,ADDRCONF,IPv6> mtu 1500 index 2
inet6 2000::56:a00:20ff:fe8d:38c1/64
hme0:3: flags=2080841<UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST,ADDRCONF,IPv6> mtu 1500 index 2
inet6 2::56:a00:20ff:fe8d:38c1/64
ppp0: flags=10008d1<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 12
inet 172.16.1.1 --> 172.16.1.2 netmask ffffff00
ppp0: flags=2202851<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST,UNNUMBERED,NONUD,IPv6> mtu 1500 index 12
inet6 fe80::a00:20ff:fe8d:38c1/10 --> fe80::a00:20ff:fe7a:24fb
Note also that a plumbed ipv6 interface stream will exist throughout
the entire PPP session in the case where the peer rejects IPV6CP,
which further causes the interface state to stay down. Unplumbing will
happen when the daemon exits. This is done by design and is not a bug.
64-bit Support.
***************
This version has been tested under Solaris 7 (and Solaris 8 ) in both
32- and 64-bits environments (Ultra class machines). Installing the
package by executing "make install" will result in additional files
residing in /kernel/drv/sparcv9 and /kernel/strmod/sparcv9
subdirectories.
64-bit modules and driver have been compiled and tested using Sun's cc.
Synchronous Serial Support.
***************************
This version has working but limited support for the on-board
synchronous HDLC interfaces. It has been tested with the /dev/se_hdlc
and /dev/zsh drivers. Synchronous mode was tested with a Cisco
router.
There ppp daemon does not directly support controlling the serial
interface. It relies on the /usr/sbin/syncinit command to initialize
HDLC mode and clocking.
Some bugs remain: large sized frames are not sent/received properly,
and may be related to the IP mtu. This may be due to bugs in pppd
itself, bugs in Solaris or the serial drivers. The /dev/zsh driver
seems more larger and can send/receive larger frames than the
/dev/se_hdlc driver. There is a confirmed bug with NRZ/NRZI mode in
the /dev/se_hdlc driver, and Solaris patch 104596-11 is needed to
correct it. (However this patch seems to introduce other serial
problems. If you don't apply the patch, the workaround is to change
the nrzi mode to yes or no, whichever works)
How to start pppd with synchronous support:
#!/bin/sh
local=1.1.1.1 # your ip address here
baud=38400 # needed, but ignored by serial driver
# Change to the correct serial driver/port
#dev=/dev/zsh0
dev=/dev/se_hdlc0
# Change the driver, nrzi mode, speed and clocking to match your setup
# This configuration is for external clocking from the DCE
connect="syncinit se_hdlc0 nrzi=no speed=64000 txc=rxc rxc=rxc"
/usr/sbin/pppd $dev sync $baud novj noauth $local: connect "$connect"
Sample Cisco router config excerpt:
!
! Cisco router setup as DCE with RS-232 DCE cable
!
!
interface Serial0
ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
clockrate 64000
no nrzi-encoding
no shutdown
!
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