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+ <TITLE> [Mageia-dev] forkbomb protection
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+ <H1>[Mageia-dev] forkbomb protection</H1>
+ <B>David W. Hodgins</B>
+ <A HREF="mailto:mageia-dev%40mageia.org?Subject=Re%3A%20%5BMageia-dev%5D%20forkbomb%20protection&In-Reply-To=%3Cop.wohz5vv1n7mcit%40hodgins.homeip.net%3E"
+ TITLE="[Mageia-dev] forkbomb protection">davidwhodgins at gmail.com
+ </A><BR>
+ <I>Wed Nov 28 20:23:45 CET 2012</I>
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+<!--beginarticle-->
+<PRE>On Wed, 28 Nov 2012 13:00:05 -0500, Johnny A. Solbu &lt;<A HREF="https://www.mageia.org/mailman/listinfo/mageia-dev">cooker at solbu.net</A>&gt; wrote:
+
+&gt;<i> On Wednesday 28. November 2012 17.53, David Walser wrote:
+</I>&gt;&gt;<i> Their pam package has a /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf file that has:
+</I>&gt;<i>
+</I>&gt;&gt;<i> * soft nproc 1024
+</I>&gt;&gt;<i>
+</I>&gt;&gt;<i> As the last comment on the bug says, it's a bit confusing that it's in limits.d/ and not the limits.conf file itself,
+</I>&gt;<i>
+</I>&gt;<i> His point is that any limits set in &#171;/etc/security/limits.d/&#187; overrides the &#171;limits.conf&#187; file.
+</I>&gt;<i>
+</I>&gt;&gt;<i> and in fact I'm not sure what is responsible for processing limits.d/* as limits.conf says nothing about it (Fedora's is the exact same as ours).
+</I>&gt;<i>
+</I>&gt;<i> We should add some comments in &#171;/etc/security/limits.conf&#187; about it.
+</I>&gt;<i>
+</I>&gt;&gt;<i> Anyway, one way or another it would be nice to have this limit set by default on Mageia, IMHO. WDYT?
+</I>&gt;<i>
+</I>&gt;<i> I think we should have this.
+</I>
+This is also being discussed in the usenet newsgroup alt.os.linux.mageia.
+
+I've confirmed the forkbomb will kill my Mageia 2 x86-64 system, with
+the default value for nprocs of 127910. Interestingly, it doesn't kill
+the system if I run the forkbomb right after rebooting, only if it's been
+in use for a while. This is a quad core with 16GB of ram.
+
+I've added a line to /etc/security/limits.conf on my system, with
+* hard nproc 10000
+
+The forkbomb no longer has impact, except for the need to kill all
+of the user's bash processes.
+
+# ps -A|wc -l
+218
+
+I think 10000 should be more than adequate, yet low enough to stop the
+bomb from killing the system.
+
+Regards, Dave Hodgins
+</PRE>
+
+
+
+
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package install::install2; # $Id$

use diagnostics;
use strict;
use vars qw($o);

#-######################################################################################
#- misc imports
#-######################################################################################
use install::steps_list;
use common;
use install::any 'addToBeDone';
use install::steps;
use install::any;
use lang;
use keyboard;
use mouse;
use devices;
use partition_table;
use modules;
use detect_devices;
use run_program;
use any;
use log;
use fs;


#-#######################################################################################
#-$O
#-the big struct which contain, well everything (globals + the interactive methods ...)
#-if you want to do a kickstart file, you just have to add all the required fields (see for example
#-the variable $default)
#-#######################################################################################
$o = $::o = {
#    bootloader => { linear => 0, message => 1, timeout => 5, restricted => 0 },
#-    packages   => [ qw() ],
    partitioning => { clearall => 0, eraseBadPartitions => 0, auto_allocate => 0 }, #-, readonly => 0 },
    authentication => { md5 => 1, shadow => 1 },
    uuid_by_default => 1,
    locale         => { lang => 'en_US' },
#-    isUpgrade    => 0,
    toRemove     => [],
    toSave       => [],
#-    simple_themes => 1,

    timezone => {
#-                   timezone => "Europe/Paris",
#-                   UTC      => 1,
                },
#-    superuser => { password => 'a', shell => '/bin/bash', realname => 'God' },
#-    user => { name => 'foo', password => 'bar', home => '/home/foo', shell => '/bin/bash', realname => 'really, it is foo' },

#-    keyboard => 'de',
#-    display => "192.168.1.19:1",
    steps        => \%install::steps_list::installSteps,
    orderedSteps => \@install::steps_list::orderedInstallSteps,

    #- for the list of fields available, see network/network.pm
    net => {
	    #- network => { HOSTNAME => 'abcd' },
	    #- resolv => { DOMAINNAME => 'foo.xyz' },
	    #- ifcfg => {
	    #-   eth0 => { DEVICE => "eth0", IPADDR => '1.2.3.4', NETMASK => '255.255.255.128' }
	    #- },
	    },

#-step : the current one
#-prefix
#-mouse
#-keyboard
#-netc
#-methods
#-packages compss

};


sub installStepsCall {
    my ($o, $auto, $fun, @args) = @_;
    $fun = "install::steps::$fun" if $auto;
    $o->$fun(@args);
}
sub getNextStep {
    my ($o) = @_;
    find { !$o->{steps}{$_}{done} && $o->{steps}{$_}{reachable} } @{$o->{orderedSteps}};
}

#-######################################################################################
#- Steps Functions
#- each step function are called with two arguments : clicked(because if you are a
#- beginner you can force the the step) and the entered number
#-######################################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub selectLanguage {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'selectLanguage');
}

sub acceptLicense {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'acceptLicense');
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub selectMouse {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'selectMouse');

    addToBeDone { mouse::write($o->do_pkgs, $o->{mouse}) if !$o->{isUpgrade} } 'installPackages';
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub setupSCSI {
    my ($auto) = @_;

    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'setupSCSI');
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub selectKeyboard {
    my ($auto) = @_;

    my $force;
    if (my $keyboard = keyboard::read()) {
	$o->{keyboard} = $keyboard; #- for uprade
    } elsif ($o->{isUpgrade}) {
	#- oops, the keyboard config is wrong, forcing prompt and writing
	$force = 1;
    }

    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'selectKeyboard', $force);
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub selectInstallClass {
    my ($auto) = @_;

    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'selectInstallClass');

    if ($o->{isUpgrade}) {
	@{$o->{orderedSteps}} = uniq(map {
	    $_ eq 'selectInstallClass' ? ($_, 'doPartitionDisks', 'formatPartitions') : $_;
	} @{$o->{orderedSteps}});
    }
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub doPartitionDisks {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    $o->{steps}{formatPartitions}{done} = 0;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'doPartitionDisksBefore');
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'doPartitionDisks');
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'doPartitionDisksAfter');
}

sub formatPartitions {
    my ($auto) = @_;

    $o->{steps}{choosePackages}{done} = 0;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'choosePartitionsToFormat') if !$o->{isUpgrade} && !$::local_install;
    my $want_root_formated = fs::get::root($o->{fstab})->{toFormat};
    if ($want_root_formated) {
	foreach ('/usr') {
	    my $part = fs::get::mntpoint2part($_, $o->{fstab}) or next;
	    $part->{toFormat} or die N("You must also format %s", $_);
	}
    }
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'formatMountPartitions') if !$::testing;

    if ($want_root_formated) {
	#- we formatted /, ensure /var/lib/rpm is cleaned otherwise bad things can happen
	#- (especially when /var is *not* formatted)
	eval { rm_rf("$::prefix/var/lib/rpm") };
    }

    install::any::create_minimal_files();

    eval { fs::mount::mount('none', "$::prefix/proc", 'proc') };
    eval { fs::mount::mount('none', "$::prefix/sys", 'sysfs') };
    eval { fs::mount::usbfs($::prefix) };

    install::any::screenshot_dir__and_move();
    install::any::move_compressed_image_to_disk($o);

    any::rotate_logs($::prefix);

    require raid;
    raid::write_conf($o->{all_hds}{raids});

    #- needed by lilo
    if (-d '/dev/mapper' && !$::local_install) {
	my @vgs = map { $_->{VG_name} } @{$o->{all_hds}{lvms}};
	-e "/dev/$_" and cp_af("/dev/$_", "$::prefix/dev") foreach 'mapper', @vgs;
    }
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub choosePackages {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    require install::pkgs;

    #- always setPackages as it may have to copy hdlist and synthesis files.
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'setPackages');
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'choosePackages');
    my @flags = map_each { if_($::b, $::a) } %{$o->{rpmsrate_flags_chosen}};
    log::l("rpmsrate_flags_chosen's: ", join(' ', sort @flags));

    #- check pre-condition that basesystem package must be selected.
    install::pkgs::packageByName($o->{packages}, 'basesystem')->flag_available or die "basesystem package not selected";

    #- check if there are packages that need installation.
    $o->{steps}{installPackages}{done} = 0 if $o->{steps}{installPackages}{done} && install::pkgs::packagesToInstall($o->{packages}) > 0;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub installPackages {
    my ($auto) = @_;

    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'beforeInstallPackages');
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'installPackages');
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'afterInstallPackages');
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub miscellaneous {
    my ($auto) = @_;

    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'miscellaneousBefore');
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'miscellaneous');
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'miscellaneousAfter');
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub summary {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'summaryBefore') if $o->{steps}{summary}{entered} == 1;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'summary');
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'summaryAfter');
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub configureNetwork {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    #- get current configuration of network device.
    require network::network;
    eval { network::network::read_net_conf($o->{net}) };
    modules::load_category($o->{modules_conf}, list_modules::ethernet_categories());
    require network::connection::ethernet;
    if (!$o->{isUpgrade}) {
        installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'configureNetwork');
    } else {
        network::connection::ethernet::configure_eth_aliases($o->{modules_conf});
    }
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub installUpdates {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'installUpdates');
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub configureServices {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'configureServices');
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub setRootPassword_addUser {
    my ($auto) = @_;

    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'setRootPassword_addUser') if !$o->{isUpgrade};
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub setupBootloader {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    return if $::local_install;

    $o->{modules_conf}->write;

    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'setupBootloaderBefore');
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'setupBootloader');
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub configureX {
    my ($auto) = @_;

    #- done here and also at the end of install2.pm, just in case...
    install::any::write_fstab($o);
    $o->{modules_conf}->write;

    require install::pkgs;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'configureX') if !$::testing && eval { install::pkgs::packageByName($o->{packages}, 'task-x11')->flag_installed } && !$o->{X}{disabled};
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sub exitInstall {
    my ($auto) = @_;
    installStepsCall($o, $auto, 'exitInstall', getNextStep($::o) eq 'exitInstall');
}


#-######################################################################################
#- MAIN
#-######################################################################################
sub main {
#-    $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { warn "DIE " . backtrace() . "\n" };
    $SIG{SEGV} = sub { 
	my $msg = "segmentation fault: install crashed (maybe memory is missing?)"; log::l($msg);
	$o->ask_warn('', $msg);
	setVirtual(1);
	require install::steps_auto_install;
	install::steps_auto_install_non_interactive::errorInStep($o, $msg);
    };
    $ENV{PERL_BADLANG} = 1;
    delete $ENV{TERMINFO};
    umask 022;

    $::isInstall = 1;
    $::isWizard = 1;
    $::no_ugtk_init = 1;

    push @::textdomains, 'DrakX', 'drakx-net', 'drakx-kbd-mouse-x11';

    my ($cfg, $patch);
    my %cmdline = map { 
	my ($n, $v) = split /=/;
	$n => defined($v) ? $v : 1;
    } split ' ', cat_("/proc/cmdline");

    my $opt; foreach (@_) {
	if (/^--?(.*)/) {
	    $cmdline{$opt} = 1 if $opt;
	    $opt = $1;
	} else {
	    $cmdline{$opt} = $_ if $opt;
	    $opt = '';
	}
    } $cmdline{$opt} = 1 if $opt;

    #- from stage1
    put_in_hash(\%ENV, { getVarsFromSh('/tmp/env') });
    exists $ENV{$_} and $cmdline{lc($_)} = $ENV{$_} foreach qw(METHOD PCMCIA KICKSTART);

    map_each {
	my ($n, $v) = @_;
	my $f = ${{
	    lang      => sub { $o->{locale}{lang} = $v },
	    flang     => sub { $o->{locale}{lang} = $v; push @::auto_steps, 'selectLanguage' },
	    langs     => sub { $o->{locale}{langs} = +{ map { $_ => 1 } split(':', $v) } },
	    method    => sub { $o->{method} = $v },
	    pcmcia    => sub { $o->{pcmcia} = $v },
	    vga16     => sub { $o->{vga16} = $v },
	    vga       => sub { $o->{vga} = $v =~ /0x/ ? hex($v) : $v },
	    step      => sub { $o->{steps}{first} = $v },
	    meta_class => sub { $o->{meta_class} = $v },
	    freedriver => sub { $o->{freedriver} = $v },
	    no_bad_drives => sub { $o->{partitioning}{no_bad_drives} = 1 },
	    nodmraid  => sub { $o->{partitioning}{nodmraid} = 1 },
	    readonly  => sub { $o->{partitioning}{readonly} = $v ne "0" },
	    display   => sub { $o->{display} = $v },
	    askdisplay => sub { print "Please enter the X11 display to perform the install on ? "; $o->{display} = chomp_(scalar(<STDIN>)) },
	    security  => sub { $o->{security} = $v },
	    noauto    => sub { $::noauto = 1 },
	    testing   => sub { $::testing = 1 },
	    patch     => sub { $patch = 1 },
	    defcfg    => sub { $cfg = $v },
	    newt      => sub { $o->{interactive} = "curses" },
	    text      => sub { $o->{interactive} = "curses" },
	    stdio     => sub { $o->{interactive} = "stdio" },
	    use_uuid  => sub { $o->{uuid_by_default} = $v },
	    kickstart => sub { $::auto_install = $v },
	    local_install => sub { $::local_install = 1 },
	    uml_install => sub { $::uml_install = $::local_install = 1 },
	    auto_install => sub { $::auto_install = $v },
	    simple_themes => sub { $o->{simple_themes} = 1 },
	    theme     => sub { $o->{theme} = $v },
	    doc       => sub { $o->{doc} = 1 },  #- will be used to know that we're running for the doc team,
	                                         #- e.g. we want screenshots with a good B&W contrast
	    useless_thing_accepted => sub { $o->{useless_thing_accepted} = 1 },
	    alawindows => sub { $o->{security} = 0; $o->{partitioning}{clearall} = 1; $o->{bootloader}{crushMbr} = 1 },
	    fdisk => sub { $o->{partitioning}{fdisk} = 1 },
	    rpm_dbapi => sub { $o->{rpm_dbapi} = $v },
	    nomouseprobe => sub { $o->{nomouseprobe} = $v },
	    updatemodules => sub { $o->{updatemodules} = 1 },
	    suppl => sub { $o->{supplmedia} = 1 },
	    askmedia => sub { $o->{askmedia} = 1 },
	}}{lc $n}; &$f if $f;
    } %cmdline;

    if ($::testing) {
	$ENV{SHARE_PATH} ||= "/export/install/stage2/live/usr/share";