path: root/docs/installer/en/SelectAndUseISOs2.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ns42="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ns5="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" version="5.0" xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs">
  <!-- Made by Lebarhon 2014 03 26 

Lebarhon updated for Mageia 6 2016 12 16 (still waiting for clarification about 1.3.2-->
  <info>
    <title xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs-ti1">Select and use ISOs</title>
  </info>
  <section>
    <title>Introduction</title>
    <para>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to
    choose which image match your needs.</para>
    <para>There is two families of media:</para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a
        process allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your
        target system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized
        installation, in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you
        will install.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system
        without installing it, to see what you will get after installation.
        The installation process is simpler, but you get lesser
        choices.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <para>Details are given in the next sections.</para>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Definition</title>
      <para>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows
      you to install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical
      support the ISO file is copied to.</para>
      <para>You can find them <link ns4:href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/">here</link>.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Classical installation media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>These ISOs use the traditional installer called
            drakx.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>They are able to make a clean install or an update from
            previous releases.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue
            System, Memory Test, Hardware Detection Tool.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and
            languages.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add
            non free software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Live media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Can be used to preview the distribution without installing
            it on a HDD, and optionally install Mageia on to your HDD.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma,
            GNOME or Xfce).</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="bold">Live ISOs can only be used to create
            clean installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous
            releases.</emphasis></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>They contain non free software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Plasma</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Plasma desktop environment only.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All languages are present.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>64 bit architecture only.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD GNOME</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>GNOME desktop environment only.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All languages are present.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>64 bit architecture only</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Xfce</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Xfce desktop environment only.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All languages are present.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Boot-only CD media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each one is a small image that contains no more than that
            which is needed to start the drakx installer and find
            drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages that are needed to
            continue and complete the install. These packages may be on the PC
            hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the
            Internet.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are
            convenient when bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC
            without a DVD drive or a PC that can't boot from a USB
            stick.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>English language only.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Contains only free software, for those people who prefer not to use non-free software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall-nonfree.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for
            people who need it.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Downloading and Checking Media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Downloading</title>
      <para>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the mirror in use and an opportunity to change if the bandwidth is to low. If http is chosen, you may also see something like</para>
      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="Checking.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
      <para>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only
      one of them. Keep one of them <link linkend="integrity">for further
      usage</link>. Then a window similar to this one appears:</para>
      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="Download.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
      <para>Check the radio button Save File.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title xml:id="integrity">Checking the integrity of the downloaded media</title>
      <para>Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm
      from the file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to
      recalculate this number from your downloaded file, either you have the
      same number and your downloaded file is correct, or the number is
      different and you have a failure. A failure infers that you should retry
      the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent.</para>
      <para>Open a console, no need to be root, and:</para>
      <para>- To use md5sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <userinput>md5sum
      path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput>.</para>
      <para>- To use sha1sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <userinput>sha1sum
      path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput>.</para>
      <para>and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to
      wait for a while) with the number given by Mageia. Example:</para>
      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="../Md5sum.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
      <para/>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Burn or dump the ISO</title>
    <para>The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB
    stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a bootable
    medium.</para>
    <section>
      <title>Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD</title>
      <para>Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set
      correctly to <emphasis role="bold">burn an image</emphasis>, burn data
      or files is not correct. There is more information in <link ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images">the
      Mageia wiki</link>.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Dump the ISO to a USB stick</title>
      <para>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a
      USB stick and then use it to boot and install the system.</para>
      <warning>
        <para>"Dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous
        file-system on the device; any other data will be lost and the
        partition capacity will be reduced to the image size.</para>
      </warning>
      <para>To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and
      re-format the USB stick.</para>
      <section>
        <title>Using a graphical tool within Mageia</title>
        <para>You can use a graphical tool like <link ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks">IsoDumper</link></para>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Using a graphical tool within Windows</title>
        <para>You could try:</para>
        <para>- <link ns4:href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US">Rufus</link> using the
        "ISO image" option;</para>
        <para>- <link ns4:href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager">Win32 Disk
        Imager</link></para>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system</title>
        <warning>
          <para>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to
          overwrite a disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong.</para>
        </warning>
        <para>You can also use the dd tool in a console:</para>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Open a console</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Become root with the command <userinput>su -</userinput>
            (don't forget the final '-' )</para>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="../Root.png"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Plug in your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do
            not open any application or file manager that could access or read
            it)</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command <userinput>fdisk -l</userinput></para>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="../Fdisk.png"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
            <para>Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command
            <code>dmesg</code>: at end, you see the device name starting with
            <emphasis>sd</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sdd</emphasis> in this
            case:</para>
            <screen>[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  <emphasis>sdd</emphasis>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</screen>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for
            example <code>/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB
            USB stick.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command: # <userinput>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file
            of=/dev/sdX bs=1M</userinput></para>
            <para>Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc</para>
            <para>Example: # <userinput>dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M</userinput></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command: # <userinput>sync</userinput></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Unplug your USB stick, it is done</para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
</section>