path: root/docs/docs/stable/installer/eo/SelectAndUseISOs2.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ns42="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ns5="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" version="5.0" xml:lang="eo" xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs">
  
  <info>
    <!-- Made by Lebarhon 2014 03 26 

Lebarhon updated for Mageia 6 2016 12 16 (still waiting for clarification about 1.3.2-->
<title xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs-ti1">Select and use ISOs</title>
  </info>
  <section>
    <title>Introduction</title>
    <para>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose
which image match your needs.</para>
    <para>There is two families of media:</para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a process
allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your target
system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized installation,
in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you will install.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system without
installing it, to see what you will get after installation.  The
installation process is simpler, but you get lesser choices.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <para>Details are given in the next sections.</para>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Definition</title>
      <para>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to
install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO
file is copied to.</para>
      <para>You can find them <link
ns4:href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/">here</link>.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Classical installation media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>These ISOs use the traditional installer called drakx.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>They are able to make a clean install or an update from previous releases.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue System, Memory Test,
Hardware Detection Tool.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non free software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Live media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Can be used to preview the distribution without installing it on a HDD, and
optionally install Mageia on to your HDD.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce).</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="bold">Live ISOs can only be used to create clean
installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous
releases.</emphasis></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>They contain non free software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Plasma</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Plasma desktop environment only.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All languages are present.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>64 bit architecture only.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD GNOME</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>GNOME desktop environment only.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All languages are present.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>64 bit architecture only</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Xfce</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Xfce desktop environment only.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All languages are present.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Boot-only CD media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to
start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages
that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be
on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the
Internet.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when
bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a
PC that can't boot from a USB stick.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>English language only.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Contains only free software, for those people who prefer not to use non-free
software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall-nonfree.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for people who need
it.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Downloading and Checking Media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Downloading</title>
      <para>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or
BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the
mirror in use and an opportunity to change if the bandwidth is to low. If
http is chosen, you may also see something like</para>
      <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="Checking.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
      <para>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of
them. Keep one of them <link linkend="integrity">for further
usage</link>. Then a window similar to this one appears:</para>
      <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="Download.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
      <para>Check the radio button Save File.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title xml:id="integrity">Checking the integrity of the downloaded media</title>
      <para>Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm from the
file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this
number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your
downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a
failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download or attempt a
repair using BitTorrent.</para>
      <para>Open a console, no need to be root, and:</para>
      <para>- To use md5sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <userinput>md5sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput>.</para>
      <para>- To use sha1sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <userinput>sha1sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput>.</para>
      <para>and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to wait for a
while) with the number given by Mageia. Example:</para>
      <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="../Md5sum.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
      <para/>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Burn or dump the ISO</title>
    <para>The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB
stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a bootable
medium.</para>
    <section>
      <title>Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD</title>
      <para>Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly
to <emphasis role="bold">burn an image</emphasis>, burn data or files is not
correct. There is more information in <link
ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images">the Mageia
wiki</link>.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Dump the ISO to a USB stick</title>
      <para>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a USB stick
and then use it to boot and install the system.</para>
      <warning>
        <para>"Dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on
the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be
reduced to the image size.</para>
      </warning>
      <para>To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and re-format
the USB stick.</para>
      <section>
        <title>Using a graphical tool within Mageia</title>
        <para>You can use a graphical tool like <link
ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks">IsoDumper</link></para>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Using a graphical tool within Windows</title>
        <para>You could try:</para>
        <para>- <link ns4:href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US">Rufus</link> using the
"ISO image" option;</para>
        <para>- <link ns4:href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager">Win32
Disk Imager</link></para>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system</title>
        <warning>
          <para>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to overwrite a
disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong.</para>
        </warning>
        <para>You can also use the dd tool in a console:</para>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Open a console</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Become root with the command <userinput>su -</userinput> (don't forget the
final '-' )</para>
            <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="../Root.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Plug in your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any
application or file manager that could access or read it)</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command <userinput>fdisk -l</userinput></para>
            <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="../Fdisk.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
            <para>Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command
<code>dmesg</code>: at end, you see the device name starting with
<emphasis>sd</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sdd</emphasis> in this case:</para>
            <screen>[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  <emphasis>sdd</emphasis>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</screen>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example
<code>/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB USB stick.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command: # <userinput>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sdX
bs=1M</userinput></para>
            <para>Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc</para>
            <para>Example: # <userinput>dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso
of=/dev/sdb bs=1M</userinput></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command: # <userinput>sync</userinput></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Unplug your USB stick, it is done</para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
</section>