path: root/docs/docs/stable/installer/en/SelectAndUseISOs2.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ns42="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ns5="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" version="5.0" xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs">
  <!-- Made by Lebarhon 2014 03 26 

Lebarhon updated for Mageia 6 2016 12 16 (still waiting for clarification about 1.3.2-->
  <info>
    <title xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs-ti1">Select and use ISOs</title>
  </info>
  <section>
    <title>Introduction</title>
    <para>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to
    choose which image best suits your needs.</para>
    <para>There are two families of media:</para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Classical installer: Booting with this media provides you with
        the maximum flexibility when choosing what to install, and for
        configuring your system. In particular, you have a choice of which
        Desktop environment to install</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>LIVE media: This option allows you to try out Mageia without
        having to actually install it, or make any changes to your computer.
        If the installation is decided, the process is simpler, but you get
        fewer choices than offered by the Classical installer</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <para>Details are given in the next sections.</para>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Definition</title>
      <para>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows
      you to install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical
      support (DVD, USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.</para>
      <para>You can find Mageia ISO's <link ns4:href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/">here</link>.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Classical installation media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>These ISOs use the Classical installer called drakx.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a
            previously installed version of Mageia.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 and 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue
            System, Memory Test, Hardware Detection Tool.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and
            languages.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add
            non free software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Live media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without
            having to install it. Can also be used to install Mageia if you
            wish.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma,
            GNOME or Xfce).</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 and 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="bold">Live ISOs can only be used to create
            clean installations, they cannot be used to upgrade previously
            installed Mageia releases.</emphasis></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>They contain non free software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Plasma</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Plasma desktop environment only.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All available languages are present.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>64 bit architecture only.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD GNOME</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>GNOME desktop environment only.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All available languages are present.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>64 bit architecture only</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Xfce</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Xfce desktop environment only.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All available languages are present.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Net install media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>These are minimal ISO's containing no more than that which
            is needed to start the drakx installer and find
            drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages that are needed to
            continue and complete the install. These packages may be on the PC
            hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the
            Internet.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are
            convenient if bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if
            you have a PC without a DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB
            stick.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 and 64 bit architectures.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>First steps are English language only.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Contains only free software, for those people who prefer not
            to use non-free software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall-nonfree.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for
            people who need it.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Downloading and Checking Media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Downloading</title>
      <para>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some information, such as the mirror in use and an option to switch if the bandwidth is too low. If http is chosen, you will also see something regarding checksums.</para>
      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="Checking.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
      <para>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Choose
      one or the other, and copy the checksum <link linkend="integrity">for
      later use</link>. Then a window similar to this one appears:</para>
      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="Download.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
      <para>Select the Save File option, then, click OK.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title xml:id="integrity">Checking the integrity of the downloaded
      media</title>
      <para>The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints
      generated by an algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may
      compare the checksum of your downloaded ISO against that of the original
      source ISO. If the checksums do not match, it means that the actual data
      on the ISO's do not match, and if it is the case, then you should retry
      the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent.</para>
      <para>To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console,
      (no need to be root), and:</para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>To use md5sum, type: <userinput>md5sum
          path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput>.</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>To use sha1sum, type: <userinput>sha1sum
          path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput></para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para> Example:</para>
      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="../Md5sum.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
      <para>and compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with the
      checksum provided by Mageia.</para>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Burn or dump the ISO</title>
    <para>The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or dumped to a USB
    stick. This is not a standard copy operation as a bootable medium will
    actually be created.</para>
    <section>
      <title>Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD</title>
      <para>Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn an <emphasis role="bold">image</emphasis> is used, burn <emphasis role="bold">data</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">files</emphasis> is
      not correct. See <link ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images">the
      Mageia wiki</link> for more information.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Dump the ISO to a USB stick</title>
      <para>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a
      USB stick and then use it to boot and install the system.</para>
      <warning>
        <para>"Dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous
        file-system on the device; any existing data will be lost and the
        partition capacity will be reduced to the image size.</para>
      </warning>
      <para>To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and
      re-format the USB stick.</para>
      <section>
        <title>Using a graphical tool within Mageia</title>
        <para>You can use a graphical tool like <link ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks">IsoDumper</link></para>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Using a graphical tool within Windows</title>
        <para>You could try:</para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para><link ns4:href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US">Rufus</link> using
            the "ISO image" option;</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para><link ns4:href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager">Win32
            Disk Imager</link></para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system</title>
        <warning>
          <para>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk
          overwriting potentially valuable existing data if you specify the
          wrong target device.</para>
        </warning>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Open a console</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Become a root (Administrator) user with the command
            <userinput>su -</userinput> (don't forget the final '-' )</para>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="../Root.png"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Plug in your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do
            not open any application or file manager that could access or read
            it)</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command <userinput>fdisk -l</userinput></para>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="../Fdisk.png"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for
            example <code>/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is an 8GB USB stick.</para>
            <para>Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command
            <code>dmesg</code>: towards the end of this example, you can see
            the device name starting with <emphasis>sd</emphasis>, and
            in this case, <emphasis>sdd</emphasis> is the
            actual device. You can also see that its size is 2GB:</para>
            <para><screen>[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  <emphasis>sdd</emphasis>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</screen></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command: <emphasis role="bold"># <userinput>dd
            if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sdX
            bs=1M</userinput></emphasis></para>
            <para>Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdd</para>
            <para>Example:<emphasis role="bold"> # <userinput>dd
            if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdd
            bs=1M</userinput></emphasis></para>
            <tip>
              <para>It might helpful to know that <emphasis role="bold">if</emphasis> stands for <emphasis role="bold">i</emphasis>nput <emphasis role="bold">f</emphasis>ile and <emphasis role="bold">of</emphasis> stands for <emphasis role="bold">o</emphasis>utput <emphasis role="bold">f</emphasis>ile</para>
            </tip>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command: # <userinput>sync</userinput></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your
            USB stick.</para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
</section>