path: root/docs/docs/stable/installer/en/SelectAndUseISOs2.xml

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  <!--2018/02/20 apb: Adjusted sections 1.1 and 1.2.
  a) The main intro previously stated that there were 2 families of media, but listed at 1.2.4 is NetInstall. Therefore, I included a NetInstall entry in 1.1.
  b) Logically followed to move the NetInstall description up frome 1.2.4 to the main intro.
  c) Moved the 'Important' text from Live 1.2.3.1 Common features to the main intro because it is not really part of 'Common features', and I think its more natural location is in the main intro.-->
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  <info>
    <title xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs-ti1">Select and use ISOs</title>
  </info>
  <section>
    <title>Introduction</title>
    <para>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to
    choose which image best suits your needs.</para>
    <para>There are three types of installation media:</para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">Classical installer:</emphasis> Booting
        with this media provides you with the maximum flexibility when
        choosing what to install, and for configuring your system. In
        particular, you have a choice of which Desktop environment to
        install.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">LIVE media:</emphasis> This option allows
        you to try out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make
        any changes to your computer. However, the Live media also includes an
        Installer, which can be started when booting the media, or after
        booting into the Live operating system itself.</para>
        <note>
          <para>The Live Installer is simpler compared to the Classical
          Installer - but you have fewer configuration options.</para>
        </note>
        <important>
          <para>Live ISOs can only be used to create <quote>clean</quote>
          installations, they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed
          Mageia releases.</para>
        </important>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis role="bold">Net Install</emphasis>: These are minimal
        ISO's containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX
        installer and find <literal>DrakX-installer-stage2</literal> and other
        packages that are needed to continue and complete the install. These
        packages may be on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local
        network or on the Internet.</para>
        <para>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient
        if bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC
        without a DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <para>More details are given in the next sections.</para>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Definition</title>
      <para>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows
      you to install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical
      medium (DVD, USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.</para>
      <para>You can find Mageia ISO's <link ns4:href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/">here</link>.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Classical installation media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>These ISOs use the Classical installer called DrakX</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a
            previously installed version of Mageia</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Some tools are available in the Installer
            <quote>Welcome</quote> screen: <emphasis>Rescue System, Memory
            Test, </emphasis>and <emphasis>Hardware Detection
            Tool</emphasis></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and
            languages</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add
            non-free software</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Live media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without
            having to install it</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>The Live media also includes an Installer.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma,
            GNOME or Xfce)</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>They contain non-free software</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Plasma</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Plasma desktop environment only</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All available languages are present</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>64-bit architecture only</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD GNOME</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>GNOME desktop environment only</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All available languages are present</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>64-bit architecture only</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Live DVD Xfce</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Xfce desktop environment only</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>All available languages are present</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>32 or 64-bit architectures</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Net install media</title>
      <section>
        <title>Common features</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>First steps are English language only</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Contains only free software, for those who prefer to not use
            non-free software</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>netinstall-nonfree.iso</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for
            those who need it</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Downloading and Checking Media</title>
    <section>
      <title>Downloading</title>
      <para>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using
      either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some
      information, such as the mirror in use and an option to switch to an
      alternative if the bandwidth is too low.</para>
      <para>If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding
      checksums.</para>

      <para><literal>md5sum</literal>, <literal>sha1sum</literal> and
      <literal>sha512sum</literal> (the most secure) are tools to check the
      ISO integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric
      characters) for use in the next section.</para>
      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata align="center" fileref="Checking.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will
      open:</para>
      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata align="center" fileref="Download.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
      <para>Click on <emphasis>Save File</emphasis>, then click
      <emphasis>OK</emphasis>.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title xml:id="integrity">Checking the integrity of the downloaded
      media</title>
      <para>The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints
      generated by an algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may
      compare the checksum of your downloaded ISO against that of the original
      source ISO. If the checksums do not match, it means that the actual data
      on the ISO's do not match, and if that is the case, then you should
      retry the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent.</para>
      <para>To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console,
      (no need to be root), and:</para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>To use the md5sum, type: <command>md5sum
          path/to/the/image/file.iso</command></para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>To use the sha1sum, type: <command>sha1sum
          path/to/the/image/file.iso</command></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>To use the sha512sum, type: <command>sha512sum
          path/to/the/image/file.iso</command></para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>Example:</para>
      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata align="center" fileref="Md5sum.png"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>

      <para>then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with
      the ISO checksum provided by Mageia.</para>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section>
    <title>Burn or dump the ISO</title>
    <para>The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or
    <quote>dumped</quote> to a USB stick. This is not a standard copy
    operation, as a bootable medium will actually be created.</para>
    <section>
      <title>Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD</title>
      <para>Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn
      an<emphasis> image</emphasis> is used. Burn <emphasis>data</emphasis> or
      <emphasis>files</emphasis> is NOT correct. See the <link ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images">the
      Mageia wiki</link> for more information.</para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Dump the ISO to a USB stick</title>
      <para>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a
      USB stick and then use that to boot and install the system.</para>
      <warning>
        <para>Dumping an image onto a flash device destroys any previous
        file-system on the device and all existing data will be lost.</para>
      </warning>
      <note>
        <para>Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be
        the Mageia ISO partition.</para>
        <para>So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the
        stick will then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB
        is no longer formatted - hence not currently available for use. To
        recover the original capacity, you must reformat and repartition the
        USB stick.</para>
      </note>
      <section>
        <title>Using a graphical tool within Mageia</title>
        <para>You can use a graphical tool like <link ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks">IsoDumper</link></para>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Using a graphical tool within Windows</title>
        <para>You could try:</para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para><link ns4:href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US">Rufus</link> using
            the "ISO image" option</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para><link ns4:href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager">Win32
            Disk Imager</link></para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>
      <section>
        <title>Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system</title>
        <warning>
          <para>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk
          overwriting potentially valuable existing data if you specify the
          wrong target device.</para>
        </warning>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Open a console</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Become a <emphasis>root</emphasis> (Administrator) user with
            the command <command>su -</command> (don't forget the
            <command>-</command> )</para>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata align="center" fileref="Root.png"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also
            means do not open any application or file manager that could
            access or read it)</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command <command>fdisk -l</command></para>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata align="center" fileref="Fdisk.png"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for
            example <filename>/dev/sdb</filename> in the screenshot above, is
            an 8GB USB stick.</para>
            <para>Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command
            <command>dmesg</command>. Towards the end of the following
            example, you can see the device name starting with
            <filename>sd</filename>, and in this case,
            <filename>sdd</filename> is the actual device. You can also see
            that its size is 2GB:</para>
            <para><screen>[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  <emphasis>sdd</emphasis>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</screen></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command: <command>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file
            of=/dev/sd<replaceable>X</replaceable> bs=1M</command></para>
            <para>Where <replaceable>X</replaceable>=your device name eg:
            <filename>/dev/sdd</filename></para>
            <para>Example:<literal> dd
            if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdd
            bs=1M</literal></para>
            <tip>
              <para>It might be helpful to know that <emphasis role="bold">if</emphasis> stands for <emphasis role="bold">i</emphasis>nput <emphasis role="bold">f</emphasis>ile and <emphasis role="bold">of</emphasis> stands for <emphasis role="bold">o</emphasis>utput <emphasis role="bold">f</emphasis>ile</para>
            </tip>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enter the command: <command>sync</command></para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your
            USB stick.</para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
</section>