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diff --git a/docs/installer/zh_CN/SelectAndUseISOs2.xml b/docs/installer/zh_CN/SelectAndUseISOs2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..579d52d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/installer/zh_CN/SelectAndUseISOs2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,460 @@ +<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns5="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:ns42="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_CN"> + + + <info> + <!-- Made by Lebarhon 2014 03 26 --> +<title xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs-ti1">Select and use ISOs</title> + </info> + + <section> + <title>简介</title> + + <para>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose +which image match your needs.</para> + + <para>There is two families of media:</para> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a process +allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your target +system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized installation, +in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you will install.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system without +installing it, to see what you will get after installation. The +installation process is simpler, but you get lesser choices.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + <para>Details are given in the next sections.</para> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Media</title> + + <section> + <title>Definition</title> + + <para>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to +install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO +file is copied to.</para> + + <para>You can find them <link +ns4:href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/">here</link>.</para> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Classical installation media</title> + + <section> + <title>Common features</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>These ISOs use the traditional installer called drakx.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>They are able to make a clean install or an update from previous releases.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + + <section> + <title>DVD</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Different media for architecture 32 or 64 bits.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue System, Memory Test, +Hardware Detection Tool.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non free software.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + + <section> + <title>DVD dual arch</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Both architectures are present on the same medium, the choice is made +automatically according to the detected CPU.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Uses Xfce desktop only.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Not all languages are available. (be, bg, ca, de, en, es, fr, it, mk, pl, +pt, ru, sv, uk) TO BE CHECKED!</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>It contains non free software.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Live media</title> + + <section> + <title>Common features</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Can be used to preview the distribution without installing it on a HDD, and +optionally install Mageia on to your HDD.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (KDE or GNOME).</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><emphasis role="bold">Live ISOs can only be used to create clean +installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous +releases.</emphasis></para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>They contain non free software.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Live CD KDE</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>KDE desktop environment only.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>English language only.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>32 bit only.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Live CD GNOME</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>GNOME desktop environment only.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>English language only.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>32 bit only.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Live DVD KDE</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>KDE desktop environment only.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>All languages are present.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Live DVD GNOME</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>GNOME desktop environment only.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>All languages are present.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Boot-only CD media</title> + + <section> + <title>Common features</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to +start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages +that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be +on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the +Internet.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when +bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a +PC that can't boot from a USB stick.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>English language only.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + + <section> + <title>boot.iso</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Contains only free software, for those people who refuse to use non-free +software.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + + <section> + <title>boot-nonfree.iso</title> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for people who need +it.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </section> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Downloading and Checking Media</title> + + <section> + <title>下载中</title> + + <para>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or +BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the +mirror in use and the possibility to change if the bandwidth is to low. If +http is chosen, you may also see something like</para> + + <mediaobject> +<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="Checking.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject> + + <para>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of +them. Keep one of them <link linkend="integrity">for further +usage</link>. Then this window appears:</para> + + <mediaobject> +<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="Download.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject> + + <para>Check the radio button Save File.</para> + </section> + + <section> + <title xml:id="integrity">Checking the downloaded media integrity</title> + + <para>Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm from the +file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this +number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your +downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a +failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download.</para> + + <para>Open a console, no need to be root, and:</para> + + <para>- To use md5sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <userinput>md5sum +path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput>.</para> + + <para>- To use sha1sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <userinput>sha1sum +path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput>.</para> + + <para>and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to wait for a +while) with the number given by Mageia. Example:</para> + + <mediaobject> +<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="../Md5sum.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject> + + <para/> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Burn or dump the ISO</title> + + <para>The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB +stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a boot-able +medium.</para> + + <section> + <title>将ISO文件刻录到CD或DVD</title> + + <para>Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly +to <emphasis role="bold">burn an image</emphasis>, burn data or files is not +correct. There is more information in <link +ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images">the Mageia +wiki</link>.</para> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Dump the ISO to a USB stick</title> + + <para>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a USB stick +and then use it to boot and install the system.</para> + + <warning> + <para>"dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on +the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be +reduced to the image size.</para> + </warning> + + <para>To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and re-format +the USB stick.</para> + + <section> + <title>Using a graphical tool within Mageia</title> + + <para>You can use a graphical tool like <link +ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks">IsoDumper</link></para> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Using a graphical tool within Windows</title> + + <para>You could try:</para> + + <para>- <link ns4:href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US">Rufus</link> using the +"ISO image" option;</para> + + <para>- <link ns4:href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager">Win32 +Disk Imager</link></para> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system</title> + + <warning> + <para>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to overwrite a +disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong.</para> + </warning> + + <para>You can also use the dd tool in a console:</para> + + <orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Open a console</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Become root with the command <userinput>su -</userinput> (don't forget the +final '-' )</para> + + <mediaobject> +<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="../Root.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Plug your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any +application or file manager that could access or read it)</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Enter the command <userinput>fdisk -l</userinput></para> + + <mediaobject> +<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="../Fdisk.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject> + + <para>Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command +<code>dmesg</code>: at end, you see the device name starting with +<emphasis>sd</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sdd</emphasis> in this case:</para> + + <screen>[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd +[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000 +[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 +[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device +[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash +[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB +[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes +[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes +[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected +[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0 +[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 2GB 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4 +[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB) +[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off +[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 +[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found +[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through +[72595.967251] <emphasis>sdd</emphasis>: sdd1 +[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</screen> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example +<code>/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB USB stick.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Enter the command: # <userinput>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sdX +bs=1M</userinput></para> + + <para>Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc</para> + + <para>Example: # <userinput>dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-4-x86_64-DVD.iso +of=/dev/sdb bs=1M</userinput></para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Enter the command: # <userinput>sync</userinput></para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Unplug your USB stick, it is done</para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + </section> + </section> + </section> +</section>
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