zh_cn/Select-and-use-ISOs.html


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<html>
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      <title>Select and use ISOs</title>
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      <div lang="zh_CN" class="section" title="Select and use ISOs">
         <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
               <div>
                  <h2 class="title"><a name="Select-and-use-ISOs"></a>Select and use ISOs
                  </h2>
               </div>
            </div>
         </div>
           
         
           
         
           
         <div class="section" title="&#31616;&#20171;">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e19"></a>&#31616;&#20171;
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
            
                
            <p>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose
               which image match your needs.
            </p>
            
                
            <p>There is two families of media:</p>
            
                
            <div class="itemizedlist">
               <ul class="itemizedlist">
                  <li class="listitem">
                             
                     <p>Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a process
                        allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your target
                        system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized installation,
                        in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you will install.
                     </p>
                           
                  </li>
                  <li class="listitem">
                             
                     <p>LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system without
                        installing it, to see what you will get after installation.  The
                        installation process is simpler, but you get lesser choices.
                     </p>
                           
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </div>
            
                
            <p>Details are given in the next sections.</p>
              
         </div>
         
           
         <div class="section" title="&#20171;&#36136;">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e29"></a>&#20171;&#36136;
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Definition">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e31"></a>Definition
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to
                  install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO
                  file is copied to.
               </p>
               
                     
               <p>You can find them <a class="ulink" href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/" target="_top">here</a>.
               </p>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Classical installation media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e36"></a>Classical installation media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Common features">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e38"></a>Common features
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>These ISOs use the traditional installer called drakx.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>They are able to make a clean install or an update from previous releases.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="DVD">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e45"></a>DVD
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for architecture 32 or 64 bits.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue System, Memory Test,
                              Hardware Detection Tool.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non free software.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="DVD dual arch">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e56"></a>DVD dual arch
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Both architectures are present on the same medium, the choice is made
                              automatically according to the detected CPU.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Uses Xfce desktop only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Not all languages are available. (be, bg, ca, de, en, es, fr, it, mk, pl,
                              pt, ru, sv, uk) TO BE CHECKED!
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>It contains non free software.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Live media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e67"></a>Live media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Common features">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e69"></a>Common features
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Can be used to preview the distribution without installing it on a HDD, and
                              optionally install Mageia on to your HDD.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (KDE or GNOME).</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p><span class="bold"><strong>Live ISOs can only be used to create clean
                                    installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous
                                    releases.</strong></span></p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>They contain non free software.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live CD KDE">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e83"></a>Live CD KDE
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>KDE desktop environment only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>English language only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>32 bit only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live CD GNOME">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e92"></a>Live CD GNOME
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>GNOME desktop environment only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>English language only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>32 bit only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live DVD KDE">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e101"></a>Live DVD KDE
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>KDE desktop environment only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>All languages are present.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live DVD GNOME">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e110"></a>Live DVD GNOME
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>GNOME desktop environment only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>All languages are present.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Boot-only CD media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e119"></a>Boot-only CD media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Common features">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e121"></a>Common features
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to
                              start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages
                              that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be
                              on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the
                              Internet.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when
                              bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a
                              PC that can't boot from a USB stick.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>English language only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="boot.iso">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e132"></a>boot.iso
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Contains only free software, for those people who refuse to use non-free
                              software.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="boot-nonfree.iso">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e137"></a>boot-nonfree.iso
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for people who need
                              it.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
              
         </div>
         
           
         <div class="section" title="Downloading and Checking Media">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e142"></a>Downloading and Checking Media
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
            
                
            <div class="section" title="&#19979;&#36733;&#20013;">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e144"></a>&#19979;&#36733;&#20013;
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or
                  BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the
                  mirror in use and the possibility to change if the bandwidth is to low. If
                  http is chosen, you may also see something like
               </p>
               
                     
               
                     
               <p>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of
                  them. Keep one of them <a class="link" href="Select-and-use-ISOs.html#integrity">for further
                     usage</a>. Then this window appears:
               </p>
               
                     
               
                     
               <p>Check the radio button Save File.</p>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Checking the downloaded media integrity">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e156"></a>Checking the downloaded media integrity
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm from the
                  file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this
                  number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your
                  downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a
                  failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download.
               </p>
               
                     
               <p>Open a console, no need to be root, and:</p>
               
                     
               <p>- To use md5sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>md5sum
                        path/to/the/image/file.iso</code></strong>.
               </p>
               
                     
               <p>- To use sha1sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sha1sum
                        path/to/the/image/file.iso</code></strong>.
               </p>
               
                     
               <p>and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to wait for a
                  while) with the number given by Mageia. Example:
               </p>
               
                     
               
                     
               <p></p>
                   
            </div>
              
         </div>
         
           
         <div class="section" title="Burn or dump the ISO">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e169"></a>Burn or dump the ISO
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
            
                
            <p>The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB
               stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a boot-able
               medium.
            </p>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="&#23558;ISO&#25991;&#20214;&#21051;&#24405;&#21040;CD&#25110;DVD">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e172"></a>&#23558;ISO&#25991;&#20214;&#21051;&#24405;&#21040;CD&#25110;DVD
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly
                  to <span class="bold"><strong>burn an image</strong></span>, burn data or files is not
                  correct. There is more information in <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images" target="_top">the Mageia
                     wiki</a>.
               </p>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Dump the ISO to a USB stick">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e177"></a>Dump the ISO to a USB stick
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a USB stick
                  and then use it to boot and install the system.
               </p>
               
                     
               <div class="warning" title="&#35686;&#21578;" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                  <table border="0" summary="Warning">
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[&#35686;&#21578;]" src="warning.png"></td>
                        <th align="left"></th>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td align="left" valign="top">
                                   
                           <p>"dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on
                              the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be
                              reduced to the image size.
                           </p>
                                 
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </table>
               </div>
               
                     
               <p>To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and re-format
                  the USB stick.
               </p>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Mageia">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e183"></a>Using a graphical tool within Mageia
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <p>You can use a graphical tool like <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks" target="_top">IsoDumper</a></p>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Windows">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e187"></a>Using a graphical tool within Windows
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <p>You could try:</p>
                  
                          
                  <p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US" target="_top">Rufus</a> using the
                     "ISO image" option;
                  </p>
                  
                          
                  <p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager" target="_top">Win32
                        Disk Imager</a></p>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e194"></a>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="warning" title="&#35686;&#21578;" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                     <table border="0" summary="Warning">
                        <tr>
                           <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[&#35686;&#21578;]" src="warning.png"></td>
                           <th align="left"></th>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td align="left" valign="top">
                                        
                              <p>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to overwrite a
                                 disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong.
                              </p>
                                      
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
                  
                          
                  <p>You can also use the dd tool in a console:</p>
                  
                          
                  <div class="orderedlist">
                     <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Open a console</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Become root with the command <strong class="userinput"><code>su -</code></strong> (don't forget the
                              final '-' )
                           </p>
                           
                                       
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Plug your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any
                              application or file manager that could access or read it)
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Enter the command <strong class="userinput"><code>fdisk -l</code></strong></p>
                           
                                       
                           
                                       
                           <p>Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command
                              <code class="code">dmesg</code>: at end, you see the device name starting with
                              <span class="emphasis"><em>sd</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span> in this case:
                           </p>
                           
                                       <pre class="screen">[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</pre>
                                     </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example
                              <code class="code">/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB USB stick.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Enter the command: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sdX
                                    bs=1M</code></strong></p>
                           
                                       
                           <p>Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc</p>
                           
                                       
                           <p>Example: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-4-x86_64-DVD.iso
                                    of=/dev/sdb bs=1M</code></strong></p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Enter the command: # <strong class="userinput"><code>sync</code></strong></p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Unplug your USB stick, it is done</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ol>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
              
         </div>
         
      </div>
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