#!/usr/bin/perl # draklive $Id$ # Copyright (C) 2005 Mandriva # Olivier Blin # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) # any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. use lib qw(/usr/lib/libDrakX); use MDK::Common; use list_modules; use modules; use run_program; use POSIX qw(strftime); use Cwd 'abs_path'; use Getopt::Long; use Pod::Usage; my $dir_distrib_sqfs = { mountpoint => '/distrib', type => 'squashfs', source => 'distrib.sqfs', build_from => '/', }; my $dir_memory = { mountpoint => '/memory', type => 'tmpfs', }; my %predefined = ( mounts => { simple_union => { root => '/union', overlay => 'unionfs', dirs => [ $dir_memory, { mountpoint => '/media' }, ], }, squash_union => { root => '/union', overlay => 'unionfs', dirs => [ { mountpoint => '/system', type => 'loopfs', pre_allocate => '100k', source => 'system.loop' }, $dir_distrib_sqfs, ], }, volatile_squash_union => { root => '/union', overlay => 'unionfs', dirs => [ $dir_memory, $dir_distrib_sqfs, ], }, multi_squash_union => { root => '/union', overlay => 'unionfs', dirs => [ $dir_memory, { mountpoint => '/system', type => 'squashfs', source => 'system.sqfs' }, $dir_distrib_sqfs, ], }, }, media => { usb => { storage => 'usb', fs => 'vfat', sleep => 15, source => 'LABEL=MDVUSBROOT', mountpoint => '/media', }, cdrom => { storage => 'cdrom', fs => 'iso9660', source => 'LABEL=MDVCDROOT', mountpoint => '/media', }, }, ); my %custom = ( media => { nfs => sub { my ($module, $client, $source) = @_; { modules => [ $module ], fs => 'nfs', pre => "ifconfig eth0 $client up", source => $source, mountpoint => '/media', }; }, }, ); sub nls_modules { my ($live) = @_; if_($live->{media}{fs} eq 'vfat', 'nls_cp437'), #- default FAT codepage map { "nls_$_" } (map { "iso8859-$_" } 1..7, 9, 13..15), 'utf8'; } sub fs_module { my ($live) = @_; $live->{media}{fs} eq 'iso9660' ? 'isofs' : $live->{media}{fs}; } sub progress_start { my ($total, $time, $o_exp_divide) = @_; { total => $total, current => 0, start_time => $time, exp_divide => $o_exp_divide, maxl => length($total) - $o_exp_divide, }; } sub progress_show_incr { my ($progress, $incr, $time) = @_; $progress->{current} += $incr; my $elapsed_time = $time - $progress->{start_time}; my $eta = int($elapsed_time*$progress->{total}/$progress->{current}); printf("\r%3d%% (%$progress->{maxl}s/%-$progress->{maxl}s), %8s/%8s (ETA)", int(100*$progress->{current}/$progress->{total}), (map { substr($_, 0, length($_)-$progress->{exp_divide}) } $progress->{current}, $progress->{total}), (map { strftime("%H:%M:%S", gmtime($_)) } $elapsed_time, $eta)); } sub progress_end() { print "\n" } my $loop_number = 0; my %loop = ( squashfs => { read_only => 1, modules => [ qw(loop squashfs) ], build => sub { my ($dest, $root) = @_; my $total = first(split /\s/, `du -sb $root`); print "have to process " . int($total/1000000) . " MB\n"; my $progress = progress_start($total, time(), 6); open(my $OUTPUT, '-|', 'mksquashfs', $root, $dest, '-info'); { local $_; #- avoid outside $_ to be overwritten while (<$OUTPUT>) { if (/^mksquashfs: file .*, uncompressed size (\d+) bytes, (?:DUPLICATE)?$/) { progress_show_incr($progress, $1, time()); } } } progress_end(); }, mount => sub { my ($live, $dir) = @_; my @mnt = ( "/bin/losetup -r /dev/loop$loop_number $live->{media}{mountpoint}/$dir->{source}", "mount -o ro -t squashfs /dev/loop$loop_number $dir->{mountpoint}"); $loop_number++; @mnt; }, }, loopfs => { modules => [], create => sub { my ($dest, $size) = @_; run_('dd', "of=$dest", 'count=0', "seek=$size", 'bs=1k'); run_('mke2fs', '-F', $dest); }, mount => sub { my ($live, $dir) = @_; my @mnt = ( "losetup /dev/loop$loop_number $live->{media}{mountpoint}/$dir->{source}", "mount -t ext2 /dev/loop$loop_number $dir->{mountpoint}"); $loop_number++; @mnt; }, }, tmpfs => { mount => sub { my ($_live, $dir) = @_; "mount -t tmpfs none $dir->{mountpoint}"; }, }, ); my %overlay = ( unionfs => { modules => [ qw(unionfs) ], mount => sub { my ($live) = @_; #- build dirs list: "dir1=ro:dir2:ro:dir3=rw" my $dirs = join(':', map { "$_->{mountpoint}=" . ($_->{type} && !$loop{$_->{type}}{read_only} ? 'rw' : 'ro'); } @{$live->{mount}{dirs} || []}); "mount -o dirs=$dirs -t unionfs unionfs $live->{mount}{root}"; }, }, ); my %storage = ( cdrom => { read_only => 1, modules => 'disk/cdrom|hardware_raid|sata|scsi bus/usb disk/raw', create => \&create_cdrom_master, format => \&format_cdrom_device, record => \&record_cdrom_master, }, usb => { modules => 'bus/usb disk/raw|usb', create => undef, format => \&format_usb_device, record => \&record_usb_master, }, ); my %moddeps; sub load_moddeps { my ($root, $kernel_path) = @_; my $get_modname = sub { first($_[0] =~ m!^$kernel_path/kernel/(?:.*/|)(.*?)\.k?o!) }; %moddeps = (map { my ($f, $deps) = split ':'; my $modname = $get_modname->($f); $modname => { full => $f, deps => [ map { $get_modname->($_) } split ' ', $deps ] }; } cat_($root . $kernel_path . '/modules.dep')); } sub moddeps_closure { my ($module) = @_; my @deps = @{$moddeps{$module}{deps}}; (map { moddeps_closure($_) } @deps), @deps; } sub run_ { print STDERR "running " . join(' ', @_) . "\n"; run_program::run(@_); } sub create_initrd { my ($live) = @_; rm_rf($live->{initrd_tree}) if -e $live->{initrd_tree}; mkdir_p($live->{initrd_tree} . $_) foreach qw(/bin /dev /lib /proc /sys), $live->{media}{mountpoint}, (map { $_->{mountpoint} } @{$live->{mount}{dirs} || []}), $live->{mount}{root}; # cp_f($live->{system}{root} . '/sbin/nash', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/bin/'); #- use nash from cooker for now, label support cp_f('/sbin/nash', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/bin/'); #- needed to mount loopbacks read-only cp_f('/lib/tls/libc.so.6', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/lib/'); cp_f('/lib/ld-linux.so.2', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/lib/'); cp_f('/sbin/losetup', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/bin/'); if ($live->{media}{fs} eq 'nfs') { cp_f('/sbin/ifconfig', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/bin/'); cp_f('/bin/mount', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/bin/'); if ($live->{debug}) { cp_f('/bin/ping', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/bin/'); cp_f('/lib/libresolv.so.2', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/lib/'); } } if ($live->{debug}) { cp_f('/usr/bin/strace', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/bin/'); cp_f('/usr/bin/busybox', $live->{initrd_tree} . '/bin'); my @l = map { /functions:/ .. /^$/ ? do { s/\s//g; split /,/ } : () } `busybox`; shift @l; symlink('busybox', $live->{initrd_tree} . "/bin/$_") foreach @l; } require devices; devices::make($live->{initrd_tree} . "/dev/$_") foreach qw(console initrd null ram systty), (map { "tty$_" } 0..5), (map { "loop$_" } 0..7); load_moddeps($live->{system}{root}, "/lib/modules/" . $live->{system}{kernel}); my ($modules, $skipped) = partition { exists $moddeps{$_} } uniq(map { modules::cond_mapping_24_26($_) } category2modules($storage{$live->{media}{storage}}{modules})); my ($extra_modules, $missing) = partition { exists $moddeps{$_} } nls_modules($live), fs_module($live), @{$live->{media}{modules} || []}, (map { @{$loop{$_}{modules} || []} } uniq(map { $_->{type} } grep { $_->{type} } @{$live->{mount}{dirs} || []})), ($live->{mount}{overlay} ? @{$overlay{$live->{mount}{overlay}}{modules} || []} : ()); @$missing and die "missing mandatory modules:" . join("\n", '', sort(@$missing)); push @$modules, @$extra_modules; my @module_deps = uniq(map { moddeps_closure($_) } @$modules); run_('gzip', '>', $live->{initrd_tree} . "/lib/$_.ko", '-dc', $live->{system}{root} . $moddeps{$_}{full}) foreach @module_deps, @$modules; @$skipped and warn "skipped modules:" . join("\n", '', sort(@$skipped)); create_initrd_linuxrc($live, @module_deps, @$modules); compress_initrd_tree($live); add_splash($live); $live->{copy_initrd} and cp_f($live->{boot_dir} . '/initrd.gz', $live->{copy_initrd}); } sub create_initrd_linuxrc { my ($live, @modules) = @_; my $target = $live->{mount}{root} || $live->{media}{mountpoint}; output_with_perm($live->{initrd_tree} . '/linuxrc', 0755, join("\n", "#!/bin/nash", (map { "insmod /lib/$_.ko" } @modules), if_($live->{media}{sleep}, "sleep $live->{media}{sleep}"), #- required for labels "mount -t proc none /proc", #- required for cdrom labels "mount -t sysfs none /sys", if_($live->{debug}, "/bin/sh"), if_($live->{media}{pre}, deref_array($live->{media}{pre})), ($live->{media}{fs} eq 'nfs' ? '/bin/mount -n -o ro,nolock' : 'mount') . ($storage{$live->{media}{storage}}{read_only} && " -o ro") . " -t $live->{media}{fs} $live->{media}{source} $live->{media}{mountpoint}", (map { $loop{$_->{type}}{mount}->($live, $_) } grep { $_->{type} } @{$live->{mount}{dirs} || []}), ($live->{mount}{overlay} ? $overlay{$live->{mount}{overlay}}{mount}->($live) : ()), "echo 0x0100 > /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev", "umount /sys", "umount /proc", ($live->{mount}{overlay} ? # don't move to /initrd but /live, or else the overlay will be unmounted ("mkdir -p $target/live", "pivot_root $target $target/live") : "pivot_root $target $target/initrd"), if_($live->{post}, deref_array($live->{post})), "")); } #- builds $live->{boot_dir} . '/initrd.gz' sub compress_initrd_tree { my ($live) = @_; my $size = run_program::get_stdout("du -ks $live->{initrd_tree} | awk '{print \$1}'") + 250; my $inodes = run_program::get_stdout("find $live->{initrd_tree} | wc -l") + 1250; $size = int($size + $inodes / 10) + 1; #- 10 inodes needs 1K my $initrd = $live->{boot_dir} . "/initrd"; mkdir_p($live->{boot_dir}); run_('dd', 'if=/dev/zero', "of=$initrd", 'bs=1k', "count=$size"); run_('mke2fs', '-q', '-m', 0, '-F', '-N', $inodes, '-s', 1, $initrd); mkdir_p($live->{mnt}); run_('mount', '-o', 'loop', '-t', 'ext2', $initrd, $live->{mnt}); cp_af(glob("$live->{initrd_tree}/*"), $live->{mnt}); rm_rf($live->{mnt} . "/lost+found"); run_('umount', $live->{mnt}); run_('gzip', '-f', '-9', $initrd); } sub add_splash { my ($live) = @_; if ($live->{system}{vga_mode} && $live->{system}{splash} ne 'no') { require bootloader; my $initrd = "$live->{boot_dir}/initrd.gz"; my $tmp_initrd = '/tmp/initrd.gz'; cp_f($initrd, $live->{system}{root} . $tmp_initrd); { local $::prefix = $live->{system}{root}; bootloader::add_boot_splash($tmp_initrd, $live->{system}{vga_mode}); } cp_f($live->{system}{root} . $tmp_initrd, $initrd); unlink($live->{system}{root} . $tmp_initrd); } } sub build_syslinux_cfg { my ($live) = @_; #- fastboot is needed to avoid fsck my $append = "fastboot splash=silent vga=$live->{system}{vga_mode}"; qq(default live prompt 1 timeout 40 display live.msg label live kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.gz $append ); } sub install_system { my ($live) = @_; run_('drakx-in-chroot', $live->{system}{repository}, $live->{system}{root}, if_($live->{system}{auto_install}, '--auto_install', abs_path($live->{system}{auto_install})), if_($live->{system}{patch}, '--defcfg', abs_path($live->{system}{patch}))) or die "unable to install system chroot"; run_('urpmi', '--root', $live->{system}{root}, map { abs_path($_) } @{$live->{system}{rpms}}) if @{$live->{system}{rpms}}; #- make sure harddrake is run #- (do it in chroot, or else Storable from the build box may write an incompatible config file) system("chroot $live->{system}{root} " . "perl -MStorable -e \"Storable::store({ UNKNOWN => {} }, '/etc/sysconfig/harddrake2/previous_hw')\""); #- interactive mode can lead to race in initscripts #- (don't use addVarsInSh from MDK::Common, it breaks shell escapes) substInFile { s/^PROMPT=.*/PROMPT=no/ } $live->{system}{root} . '/etc/sysconfig/init'; #- disable first boot wizard output($live->{system}{root} . '/etc/sysconfig/firstboot', 'FIRSTBOOT=no'); #- enable drakx-finish-install output($live->{system}{root} . '/etc/sysconfig/finish-install', 'FINISH_INSTALL=yes'); #- preselect guest user in kdm my $kdm_cfg = '/usr/share/config/kdm/kdmrc'; update_gnomekderc($live->{system}{root} . $kdm_cfg, 'X-:0-Greeter' => (PreselectUser => 'Default', DefaultUser => 'guest')) if -f $kdm_cfg; } sub create_loopback_files { my ($live) = @_; mkdir_p($live->{images_dir}); foreach (grep { $_->{build_from} } @{$live->{mount}{dirs} || []}) { my $tree = $live->{system}{root} . $_->{build_from}; my $dest = $live->{images_dir} . '/' . $_->{source}; unlink($dest); $loop{$_->{type}}{build}->($dest, $tree); } foreach (grep { $_->{pre_allocate} } @{$live->{mount}{dirs} || []}) { my $dest = $live->{images_dir} . '/' . $_->{source}; unlink($dest); $loop{$_->{type}}{create}->($dest, $_->{pre_allocate}); } } sub get_media_label { my ($live) = @_; first($live->{media}{source} =~ /^LABEL=(.*)$/); } sub get_media_device { my ($live) = @_; return $live->{media}{device} if $live->{media}{device}; my $label = get_media_label($live) or return $live->{media}{source}; my $device = chomp_(`readlink -f /dev/disk/by-label/$label`) or die "unable to find device for /dev/disk/by-label/$label"; $device; } sub prepare_bootloader { my ($live) = @_; mkdir_p($live->{boot_dir}); cp_f($live->{system}{root} . '/boot/vmlinuz-' . $live->{system}{kernel}, $live->{boot_dir} . '/vmlinuz'); my $msg = $live->{system}{root} . '/boot/message-graphic'; cp_f($msg, $live->{boot_dir} . '/live.msg') if -f $msg; output($live->{boot_dir} . '/syslinux.cfg', build_syslinux_cfg($live)); } sub create_cdrom_master { my ($live, $opts) = @_; my $label = get_media_label($live) or die "the source device must be described by a label"; my @dest = $opts->{onthefly} ? () : ('-o', $live->{images_dir} . '/live.iso'); run_('mkisofs', '-pad', '-l', '-R', '-J', '-v', '-v', '-V', $label, #'-A', $application, '-p', $preparer, '-P', $publisher, '-b', 'isolinux/isolinux.bin', '-c', 'isolinux/boot.cat', '-hide-rr-moved', '-no-emul-boot', '-boot-load-size', 4, '-boot-info-table', '-graft-points', @dest, 'isolinux/isolinux.bin=/usr/lib/syslinux/isolinux-graphic.bin', 'isolinux/isolinux.cfg=' . $live->{boot_dir} . '/syslinux.cfg', (map { 'isolinux/=' . $live->{boot_dir} . '/' . $_ } qw(vmlinuz initrd.gz live.msg)), (map { $live->{images_dir} . '/' . $_->{source} } grep { $_->{build_from} } @{$live->{mount}{dirs}}), ); } #- $opts: onthefly : if true, the create function must output to stdout sub create_master { my ($live, $opts) = @_; if (my $create = $storage{$live->{media}{storage}}{create}) { $create->($live, $opts); } else { warn "not implemented yet"; } } sub format_cdrom_device { my ($live) = @_; run_('cdrecord', '-v', 'dev=' . $live->{media}{device}, "blank=fast"); } sub format_usb_device { my ($live) = @_; run_('mkdosfs', $live->{media}{device}) or die "unable to format device $live->{media}{device}"; } sub format_device { my ($live) = @_; $live->{media}{device} or die "no device defined in media configuration"; if (my $format = $storage{$live->{media}{storage}}{format}) { $format->($live); } else { warn "not implemented yet"; } } sub record_cdrom_master { my ($live, $opts) = @_; $opts->{refresh_boot_only} and die "record boot isn't possible for cdrom master"; $live->{media}{device} or die "no device defined in media configuration"; my $src = $opts->{onthefly} ? '-' : $live->{images_dir} . '/live.iso'; run_('cdrecord', '-v', 'dev=' . $live->{media}{device}, $src); } sub record_usb_master { my ($live, $opts) = @_; if (my $label = $live->{media}{device} && get_media_label($live)) { run_('mlabel', '-i', $live->{media}{device}, '::' . $label); } my $device = get_media_device($live) or die "unable to find recording device (missing label? try with --device )"; mkdir_p($live->{mnt}); run_('mount', $device, $live->{mnt}) or die "unable to mount $device"; cp_f(map { $live->{boot_dir} . "/$_" } qw(vmlinuz initrd.gz live.msg), $live->{mnt}); unless ($opts->{refresh_boot_only}) { foreach (grep { $_->{build_from} || $_->{pre_allocate} } @{$live->{mount}{dirs} || []}) { print "copying $_->{source}\n"; cp_f($live->{images_dir} . '/' . $_->{source}, $live->{mnt}); } } run_('umount', $live->{mnt}); #- use syslinux -s, "safe, slow and stupid" version of SYSLINUX run_('syslinux', '-s', $device) or die "unable to run syslinux on $device"; } #- $opts: onthefly : if true, the record function must read from stdin sub record_master { my ($live, $opts) = @_; if (my $record = $storage{$live->{media}{storage}}{record}) { $record->($live, $opts); } else { warn "not implemented yet"; } } sub record_boot { my ($live) = @_; record_master($live, { refresh => 1 }); } sub pipe_subs { my ($writer, $reader) = @_; my ($r, $w) = POSIX::pipe; if (my $pid = fork()) { POSIX::close($w) or die "couldn't close: $!\n"; my $stdin = POSIX::dup(0) or die "couldn't dup: $!\n"; POSIX::dup2($r, 0) or die "couldn't dup2: $!\n"; POSIX::close($r); $reader->(); POSIX::close(0) or warn "writer exited $?"; POSIX::dup2($stdin, 0) or die "couldn't dup2: $!\n"; waitpid($pid, 0); } else { POSIX::close($r) or die "couldn't close: $!\n"; #- don't screw up reader POSIX::dup2(POSIX::open('/dev/null', &POSIX::O_WRONLY), 2) or die "couldn't dup2: $!\n"; POSIX::dup2($w, 1) or die "couldn't dup2: $!\n"; POSIX::close($w); $| = 1; #- autoflush write exit !$writer->(); } } sub record_onthefly { my ($live) = @_; my $record = $storage{$live->{media}{storage}}{record}; unless ($record) { warn "not implemented yet"; return; } if (my $create = $storage{$live->{media}{storage}}{create}) { #- pipe creation step to recording step pipe_subs(sub { $create->($live, { onthefly => 1 }) }, sub { $record->($live, { onthefly => 1 }) }); } else { #- no creation step, record directly $record->($live); } } sub complete_config { my ($live) = @_; #- set unsupplied config dirs $live->{workdir} ||= '/tmp/draklive'; $live->{boot_dir} ||= $live->{workdir} . "/boot"; $live->{initrd_tree} ||= $live->{workdir} . "/initrd"; $live->{images_dir} ||= $live->{workdir} . "/images"; $live->{mnt} ||= $live->{workdir} . "/mnt"; #- check for minimum requirements ref $live->{media} or die "no media definition"; ref $live->{system} or die "no system definition"; $live->{system}{kernel} or die "no kernel has been configured"; mkdir_p($live->{workdir}); } sub clean { my ($live) = @_; rm_rf($_) foreach grep { -e $_ } $live->{workdir}, $live->{system}{root}; } my @actions = ( { name => 'clean', do => \&clean }, { name => 'install', do => \&install_system }, { name => 'initrd', do => \&create_initrd }, { name => 'boot', do => \&prepare_bootloader }, { name => 'loop', do => \&create_loopback_files }, { name => 'master', do => \&create_master }, { name => 'format', do => \&format_device }, { name => 'record', do => \&record_master }, { name => 'record_boot', do => \&record_boot }, { name => 'record_onthefly', do => \&record_onthefly }, ); my @all = qw(install initrd boot loop master); my %live; GetOptions( "help" => sub { pod2usage('-verbose' => 1) }, "all" => sub { $_->{to_run} = 1 foreach grep { member($_->{name}, @all) } @actions }, (map { $_->{name} => \$_->{to_run} } @actions), "device:s" => sub { $live{media}{device} = $_[1] }, "config:s" => sub { my $path = $_[1]; #- don't use do(), since it can't see lexicals in the enclosing scope my $cfg = eval(cat_($path)) or die "unable to load $path"; add2hash(\%live, $cfg); print "loaded $path as config file\n"; }, ) or pod2usage(); unless (keys(%live)) { warn 'no live definition'; pod2usage(); } complete_config(\%live); require standalone; every { !$_->{to_run} } @actions and die 'nothing to do'; foreach (grep { $_->{to_run} } @actions) { print qq(* entering step "$_->{name}"\n); $_->{do}->(\%live); print qq(* step "$_->{name}" done\n); } __END__ =head1 NAME draklive - A live distribution mastering tool =head1 SYNOPSIS draklive [options] Options: --help long help message --install install selected distribution in chroot --initrd build initrd --boot prepare bootloader files --loop build compressed loopback files --master build master image --all run all steps, from installation to mastering --clean clean installation chroot and work directory --device use this device for live recording (not needed if the device already has the required label) --format format selected device --record record live on selected media --record_boot record bootloader only on selected media --record_onthefly record live by creating master from loopback files on the fly --config use this configuration file as live description Examples: draklive --config config/live.cfg --clean draklive --config config/live.cfg --all draklive --config config/live.cfg --record --device /dev/sdb1 =head1 OPTIONS =over 8 =item B<--config> Makes draklive use the next argument as a configuration file. This file should contain an hash describing the live distribution, meaning the system (chroot and boot), media (usb, cdrom, nfs), and mount type (simple R/W union, union with squash files). Here's a configuration sample: { system => { root => '/chroot/live-move', repository => '/mnt/ken/2006.0/i586', kernel => '2.6.12-12mdk-i586-up-1GB', auto_install => 'config/auto_inst.cfg.pl', patch => 'config/patch-2006-live.pl', rpms => [ 'rpms/unionfs-kernel-2.6.12-12mdk-i586-up-1GB-1.1.1.1.20051124.1mdk-1mdk.i586.rpm' ], vga_mode => 788, }, media => $predefined{media}{usb}, mount => $predefined{mounts}{squash_union} }; =back =head1 DESCRIPTION B builds a live distribution according to a configuration file, creates a master image, and optionnally installs it on a device. See L =head1 AUTHOR Olivier Blin =cut