Select-and-use-ISOs.html


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<html>
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      <title>Select and use ISOs</title>
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      <div class="section" title="Select and use ISOs">
         <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
               <div>
                  <h2 class="title"><a name="Select-and-use-ISOs"></a>Select and use ISOs
                  </h2>
               </div>
            </div>
         </div>
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
         <div class="section" title="Introduction">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e19"></a>Introduction
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
                
            <p>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to
                   choose which image best suits your needs.
            </p>
                
            <p>There are three types of installation media:</p>
                
            <div class="itemizedlist">
               <ul class="itemizedlist">
                  <li class="listitem">
                             
                     <p><span class="bold"><strong>Classical installer:</strong></span> Booting
                                with this media provides you with the maximum flexibility when
                                choosing what to install, and for configuring your system. In
                                particular, you have a choice of which Desktop environment to
                                install.
                     </p>
                           
                  </li>
                  <li class="listitem">
                             
                     <p><span class="bold"><strong>LIVE media:</strong></span> This option allows
                                you to try out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make
                                any changes to your computer. However, the Live media also includes an
                                Installer, which can be started when booting the media, or after
                                booting into the Live operating system itself.
                     </p>
                             
                     <div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                        <table border="0" summary="Note">
                           <tr>
                              <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="note.png"></td>
                              <th align="left"></th>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td align="left" valign="top">
                                           
                                 <p>The Live Installer is simpler compared to the Classical
                                              Installer - but you have fewer configuration options.
                                 </p>
                                         
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                             
                     <div class="important" title="Important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                        <table border="0" summary="Important">
                           <tr>
                              <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Important]" src="important.png"></td>
                              <th align="left"></th>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td align="left" valign="top">
                                           
                                 <p>Live ISOs can only be used to create <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">clean</span>&#8221;</span>
                                              installations, they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed
                                              Mageia releases.
                                 </p>
                                         
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                           
                  </li>
                  <li class="listitem">
                             
                     <p><span class="bold"><strong>Net Install</strong></span>: These are minimal
                                ISO's containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX
                                installer and find <code class="literal">DrakX-installer-stage2</code> and other
                                packages that are needed to continue and complete the install. These
                                packages may be on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local
                                network or on the Internet.
                     </p>
                             
                     <p>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient
                                if bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC
                                without a DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick.
                     </p>
                           
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </div>
                
            <p>More details are given in the next sections.</p>
              
         </div>
           
         <div class="section" title="Media">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e41"></a>Media
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
                
            <div class="section" title="Definition">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e43"></a>Definition
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
                     
               <p>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows
                        you to install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical
                        medium (DVD, USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.
               </p>
                     
               <p>You can find Mageia ISO's <a class="ulink" href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/" target="_top">here</a>.
               </p>
                   
            </div>
                
            <div class="section" title="Classical installation media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e48"></a>Classical installation media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
                     
               <div class="section" title="Common features">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e50"></a>Common features
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>These ISOs use the Classical installer called DrakX</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a
                                          previously installed version of Mageia
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Some tools are available in the Installer
                                          <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Welcome</span>&#8221;</span> screen: <span class="emphasis"><em>Rescue System, Memory
                                                Test, </em></span>and <span class="emphasis"><em>Hardware Detection
                                                Tool</em></span></p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and
                                          languages
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add
                                          non-free software
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
                
            <div class="section" title="Live media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e68"></a>Live media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
                     
               <div class="section" title="Common features">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e70"></a>Common features
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without
                                          having to install it
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>The Live media also includes an Installer.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma,
                                          GNOME or Xfce)
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>They contain non-free software</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live DVD Plasma">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e83"></a>Live DVD Plasma
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Plasma desktop environment only</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>All available languages are present</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>64-bit architecture only</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live DVD GNOME">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e92"></a>Live DVD GNOME
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>GNOME desktop environment only</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>All available languages are present</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>64-bit architecture only</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live DVD Xfce">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e101"></a>Live DVD Xfce
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Xfce desktop environment only</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>All available languages are present</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>32 or 64-bit architectures</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
                
            <div class="section" title="Net install media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e110"></a>Net install media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
                     
               <div class="section" title="Common features">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e112"></a>Common features
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>First steps are English language only</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                     
               <div class="section" title="netinstall.iso">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e119"></a>netinstall.iso
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Contains only free software, for those who prefer to not use
                                          non-free software
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                     
               <div class="section" title="netinstall-nonfree.iso">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e124"></a>netinstall-nonfree.iso
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for
                                          those who need it
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
              
         </div>
           
         <div class="section" title="Downloading and Checking Media">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e129"></a>Downloading and Checking Media
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
                
            <div class="section" title="Downloading">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e131"></a>Downloading
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
                     
               <p>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using
                        either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some
                        information, such as the mirror in use and an option to switch to an
                        alternative if the bandwidth is too low.
               </p>
                     
               <p>If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding
                        checksums.
               </p>
               
                     
               <p><code class="literal">md5sum</code>, <code class="literal">sha1sum</code> and
                        <code class="literal">sha512sum</code> (the most secure) are tools to check the
                        ISO integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric
                        characters) for use in the next section.
               </p>
                     
               
                     
               <p>In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will
                        open:
               </p>
                     
                     
               <p>Click on <span class="emphasis"><em>Save File</em></span>, then click
                        <span class="emphasis"><em>OK</em></span>.
               </p>
                   
            </div>
                
            <div class="section" title="Checking the integrity of the downloaded media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e149"></a>Checking the integrity of the downloaded
                                 media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
                     
               <p>The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints
                        generated by an algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may
                        compare the checksum of your downloaded ISO against that of the original
                        source ISO. If the checksums do not match, it means that the actual data
                        on the ISO's do not match, and if that is the case, then you should
                        retry the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent.
               </p>
                     
               <p>To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console,
                        (no need to be root), and:
               </p>
                     
               <div class="itemizedlist">
                  <ul class="itemizedlist">
                     <li class="listitem">
                                  
                        <p>To use the md5sum, type: <span class="command"><strong>md5sum
                                           path/to/the/image/file.iso</strong></span></p>
                                
                     </li>
                     <li class="listitem">
                                  
                        <p>To use the sha1sum, type: <span class="command"><strong>sha1sum
                                           path/to/the/image/file.iso</strong></span></p>
                                
                     </li>
                     <li class="listitem">
                                  
                        <p>To use the sha512sum, type: <span class="command"><strong>sha512sum
                                           path/to/the/image/file.iso</strong></span></p>
                                
                     </li>
                  </ul>
               </div>
                     
               <p>Example:</p>
                     
               
                     
               <p>then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with
                        the ISO checksum provided by Mageia.
               </p>
                   
            </div>
              
         </div>
           
         <div class="section" title="Burn or dump the ISO">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e168"></a>Burn or dump the ISO
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
                
            <p>The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or
                   <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">dumped</span>&#8221;</span> to a USB stick. This is not a standard copy
                   operation, as a bootable medium will actually be created.
            </p>
                
            <div class="section" title="Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e172"></a>Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
                     
               <p>Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn
                        an<span class="emphasis"><em> image</em></span> is used. Burn <span class="emphasis"><em>data</em></span> or
                        <span class="emphasis"><em>files</em></span> is NOT correct. See the <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images" target="_top">the
                           Mageia wiki</a> for more information.
               </p>
                   
            </div>
                
            <div class="section" title="Dump the ISO to a USB stick">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e179"></a>Dump the ISO to a USB stick
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
                     
               <p>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a
                        USB stick and then use that to boot and install the system.
               </p>
                     
               <div class="warning" title="Warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                  <table border="0" summary="Warning">
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Warning]" src="warning.png"></td>
                        <th align="left"></th>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td align="left" valign="top">
                                   
                           <p>Dumping an image onto a flash device destroys any previous
                                      file-system on the device and all existing data will be lost.
                           </p>
                                 
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </table>
               </div>
                     
               <div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                  <table border="0" summary="Note">
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="note.png"></td>
                        <th align="left"></th>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td align="left" valign="top">
                                   
                           <p>Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be
                                      the Mageia ISO partition.
                           </p>
                                   
                           <p>So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the
                                      stick will then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB
                                      is no longer formatted - hence not currently available for use. To
                                      recover the original capacity, you must reformat and repartition the
                                      USB stick.
                           </p>
                                 
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </table>
               </div>
                     
               <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Mageia">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e187"></a>Using a graphical tool within Mageia
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <p>You can use a graphical tool like <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks" target="_top">IsoDumper</a></p>
                        
               </div>
                     
               <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Windows">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e191"></a>Using a graphical tool within Windows
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <p>You could try:</p>
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p><a class="ulink" href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US" target="_top">Rufus</a> using
                                          the "ISO image" option
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p><a class="ulink" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager" target="_top">Win32
                                             Disk Imager</a></p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                     
               <div class="section" title="Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e201"></a>Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                          
                  <div class="warning" title="Warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                     <table border="0" summary="Warning">
                        <tr>
                           <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Warning]" src="warning.png"></td>
                           <th align="left"></th>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td align="left" valign="top">
                                        
                              <p>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk
                                           overwriting potentially valuable existing data if you specify the
                                           wrong target device.
                              </p>
                                      
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
                          
                  <div class="orderedlist">
                     <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Open a console</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Become a <span class="emphasis"><em>root</em></span> (Administrator) user with
                                          the command <span class="command"><strong>su -</strong></span> (don't forget the
                                          <span class="command"><strong>-</strong></span> )
                           </p>
                                       
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also
                                          means do not open any application or file manager that could
                                          access or read it)
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Enter the command <span class="command"><strong>fdisk -l</strong></span></p>
                                       
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for
                                          example <code class="filename">/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, is
                                          an 8GB USB stick.
                           </p>
                                       
                           <p>Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command
                                          <span class="command"><strong>dmesg</strong></span>. Towards the end of the following
                                          example, you can see the device name starting with
                                          <code class="filename">sd</code>, and in this case,
                                          <code class="filename">sdd</code> is the actual device. You can also see
                                          that its size is 2GB:
                           </p>
                                       <pre class="screen">[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</pre>
                                     </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Enter the command: <span class="command"><strong>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file
                                                of=/dev/sd<em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em> bs=1M</strong></span></p>
                                       
                           <p>Where <em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em>=your device name eg:
                                          <code class="filename">/dev/sdd</code></p>
                                       
                           <p>Example:<code class="literal"> dd
                                             if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdd
                                             bs=1M</code></p>
                                       
                           <div class="tip" title="Tip" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                              <table border="0" summary="Tip">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Tip]" src="tip.png"></td>
                                    <th align="left"></th>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td align="left" valign="top">
                                                     
                                       <p>It might be helpful to know that <span class="bold"><strong>if</strong></span> stands for <span class="bold"><strong>i</strong></span>nput <span class="bold"><strong>f</strong></span>ile and <span class="bold"><strong>of</strong></span> stands for <span class="bold"><strong>o</strong></span>utput <span class="bold"><strong>f</strong></span>ile
                                       </p>
                                                   
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Enter the command: <span class="command"><strong>sync</strong></span></p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your
                                          USB stick.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ol>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
              
         </div>
         
      </div>
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