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<div lang="zh_CN" class="section" title="选择和使用 ISO">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title"><a name="Select-and-use-ISOs"></a>选择和使用 ISO
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="简介">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e19"></a>简介
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose
which image best suits your needs.
</p>
<p>There are three types of installation media:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="bold"><strong>Classical installer:</strong></span> Booting with this
media provides you with the maximum flexibility when choosing what to
install, and for configuring your system. In particular, you have a choice
of which Desktop environment to install.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="bold"><strong>LIVE media:</strong></span> This option allows you to try
out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make any changes to
your computer. However, the Live media also includes an Installer, which can
be started when booting the media, or after booting into the Live operating
system itself.
</p>
<div class="note" title="注意" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[注意]" src="note.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>The Live Installer is simpler compared to the Classical Installer - but you
have fewer configuration options.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="important" title="重要" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Important">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[重要]" src="important.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>Live ISOs can only be used to create <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">clean</span>”</span> installations,
they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed Mageia releases.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="bold"><strong>Net Install</strong></span>: These are minimal ISO's
containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX installer
and find <code class="literal">DrakX-installer-stage2</code> and other packages that
are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be on
the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the Internet.
</p>
<p>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient if
bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC without a
DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>More details are given in the next sections.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="介质">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e41"></a>介质
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="定义">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e43"></a>定义
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to
install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical medium (DVD,
USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.
</p>
<p>You can find Mageia ISO's <a class="ulink" href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/" target="_top">here</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="传统安装媒介">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e48"></a>传统安装媒介
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="通用特性">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e50"></a>通用特性
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>These ISOs use the Classical installer called DrakX</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a previously
installed version of Mageia
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Some tools are available in the Installer <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Welcome</span>”</span> screen:
<span class="emphasis"><em>Rescue System, Memory Test, </em></span>and <span class="emphasis"><em>Hardware
Detection Tool</em></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non-free software</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live 媒介">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e68"></a>Live 媒介
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="通用特性">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e70"></a>通用特性
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without having to install
it
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>The Live media also includes an Installer.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce)</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>They contain non-free software</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live DVD KDE">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e83"></a>Live DVD KDE
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Plasma desktop environment only</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>All available languages are present</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>64-bit architecture only</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live DVD GNOME">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e92"></a>Live DVD GNOME
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>GNOME desktop environment only</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>All available languages are present</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>64-bit architecture only</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Live DVD Xfce">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e101"></a>Live DVD Xfce
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Xfce desktop environment only</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>All available languages are present</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>32 or 64-bit architectures</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Net install media">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e110"></a>Net install media
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="通用特性">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e112"></a>通用特性
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>First steps are English language only</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="netinstall.iso">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e119"></a>netinstall.iso
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Contains only free software, for those who prefer to not use non-free
software
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="netinstall-nonfree.iso">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e124"></a>netinstall-nonfree.iso
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for those who need it</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="下载和检查媒介">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e129"></a>下载和检查媒介
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="下载中">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e131"></a>下载中
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or
BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some information, such as
the mirror in use and an option to switch to an alternative if the bandwidth
is too low.
</p>
<p>If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding checksums.</p>
<p><code class="literal">md5sum</code>, <code class="literal">sha1sum</code> and
<code class="literal">sha512sum</code> (the most secure) are tools to check the ISO
integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric characters) for
use in the next section.
</p>
<p>In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will open:</p>
<p>Click on <span class="emphasis"><em>Save File</em></span>, then click <span class="emphasis"><em>OK</em></span>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="检查下载文件的完整性">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e149"></a>检查下载文件的完整性
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints generated by an
algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may compare the checksum of
your downloaded ISO against that of the original source ISO. If the
checksums do not match, it means that the actual data on the ISO's do not
match, and if that is the case, then you should retry the download or
attempt a repair using BitTorrent.
</p>
<p>To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console, (no need
to be root), and:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p>To use the md5sum, type: <span class="command"><strong>md5sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>To use the sha1sum, type: <span class="command"><strong>sha1sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>To use the sha512sum, type: <span class="command"><strong>sha512sum
path/to/the/image/file.iso</strong></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<p>then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with the ISO
checksum provided by Mageia.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="刻录或转储 ISO">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="d5e168"></a>刻录或转储 ISO
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">dumped</span>”</span> to a
USB stick. This is not a standard copy operation, as a bootable medium will
actually be created.
</p>
<div class="section" title="将ISO文件刻录到CD或DVD">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e172"></a>将ISO文件刻录到CD或DVD
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn an<span class="emphasis"><em>
image</em></span> is used. Burn <span class="emphasis"><em>data</em></span> or
<span class="emphasis"><em>files</em></span> is NOT correct. See the <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images" target="_top">the Mageia
wiki</a> for more information.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="写入 ISO 到 U 盘">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a name="d5e179"></a>写入 ISO 到 U 盘
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a USB stick
and then use that to boot and install the system.
</p>
<div class="warning" title="警告" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Warning">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[警告]" src="warning.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>Dumping an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on
the device and all existing data will be lost.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="note" title="注意" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[注意]" src="note.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be the Mageia
ISO partition.
</p>
<p>So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the stick will
then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB is no longer
formatted - hence not currently available for use. To recover the original
capacity, you must reformat and repartition the USB stick.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" title="使用 Mageia 的图形化工具">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e187"></a>使用 Mageia 的图形化工具
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>您可以使用 <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks" target="_top">IsoDumper</a>
这样的图形化工具来操作。
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="使用 Windows 下的图形化工具">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e191"></a>使用 Windows 下的图形化工具
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>您可以尝试：</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<p><a class="ulink" href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US" target="_top">Rufus</a> using the
"ISO image" option
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><a class="ulink" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager" target="_top">Win32 Disk
Imager</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h5 class="title"><a name="d5e201"></a>Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="warning" title="警告" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Warning">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[警告]" src="warning.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk overwriting
potentially valuable existing data if you specify the wrong target device.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>打开一个终端</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Become a <span class="emphasis"><em>root</em></span> (Administrator) user with the command
<span class="command"><strong>su -</strong></span> (don't forget the <span class="command"><strong>-</strong></span> )
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also means do not open
any application or file manager that could access or read it)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Enter the command <span class="command"><strong>fdisk -l</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example
<code class="filename">/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, is an 8GB USB stick.
</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command
<span class="command"><strong>dmesg</strong></span>. Towards the end of the following example, you can
see the device name starting with <code class="filename">sd</code>, and in this case,
<code class="filename">sdd</code> is the actual device. You can also see that its
size is 2GB:
</p>
<pre class="screen">[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 2GB 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251] <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</pre>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Enter the command: <span class="command"><strong>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file
of=/dev/sd<em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em> bs=1M</strong></span></p>
<p>Where <em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em>=your device name eg:
<code class="filename">/dev/sdd</code></p>
<p>Example:<code class="literal"> dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso
of=/dev/sdd bs=1M</code></p>
<div class="tip" title="提示" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Tip">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[提示]" src="tip.png"></td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>It might be helpful to know that <span class="bold"><strong>if</strong></span> stands
for <span class="bold"><strong>i</strong></span>nput <span class="bold"><strong>f</strong></span>ile and <span class="bold"><strong>of</strong></span> stands
for <span class="bold"><strong>o</strong></span>utput <span class="bold"><strong>f</strong></span>ile
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Enter the command: <span class="command"><strong>sync</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your USB stick.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>