בחירה ושימוש בקובץ ISO

מבוא

Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose which image best suits your needs.

There are three types of installation media:

  • Classical installer: Booting with this media provides you with the maximum flexibility when choosing what to install, and for configuring your system. In particular, you have a choice of which Desktop environment to install.

  • LIVE media: This option allows you to try out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make any changes to your computer. However, the Live media also includes an Installer, which can be started when booting the media, or after booting into the Live operating system itself.

    [שים לב]

    ההתקנה מתוך מצב ההמחשה פשוטה יותר בהשוואה להתקנה הקלאסית - אך אז יש לך פחות אפשרויות הגדרה.

    [חשוב]

    Live ISOs can only be used to create “clean” installations, they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed Mageia releases.

  • Net Install: These are minimal ISO's containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX installer and find DrakX-installer-stage2 and other packages that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the Internet.

    These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient if bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC without a DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick.

More details are given in the next sections.

מדיה

Definition

Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical medium (DVD, USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.

You can find Mageia ISO's here.

Classical installation media

תכונות נפוצות

  • קובצי הדמות הללו משתמשים באשף ההתקנה הקלאסית הנקרא DrakX

  • They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a previously installed version of Mageia

  • Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

  • Some tools are available in the Installer “Welcome” screen: Rescue System, Memory Test, and Hardware Detection Tool

  • Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages

  • You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non-free software

אמצעי התקנה במצב המחשה

תכונות נפוצות

  • Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without having to install it

  • The Live media also includes an Installer.

  • Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce)

  • Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

  • They contain non-free software

DVD להמחשה עם Plasma

  • Plasma desktop environment only

  • All available languages are present

  • 64-bit architecture only

‏DVD להמחשה עם GNOME

  • GNOME desktop environment only

  • All available languages are present

  • 64-bit architecture only

DVD להמחשה עם Xfce

  • Xfce desktop environment only

  • All available languages are present

  • ארכיטקטורות 32 או 64 סיביות

Net install media

תכונות נפוצות

  • Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

  • הצעדים הראשונים הם בשפה האנגלית בלבד

netinstall.iso

  • Contains only free software, for those who prefer to not use non-free software

netinstall-nonfree.iso

  • מכיל תוכנה שאינה חופשית (לרוב מנהלי התקנים, מפענחים...) לאלו שזקוקים להם

הורדה ובדיקת מאגרים

הורדה

Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some information, such as the mirror in use and an option to switch to an alternative if the bandwidth is too low.

If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding checksums.

md5sum, sha1sum and sha512sum (the most secure) are tools to check the ISO integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric characters) for use in the next section.

In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will open:

יש ללחוץ על שמירת הקובץ, ואז ללחוץ על אישור.

Checking the integrity of the downloaded media

The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints generated by an algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may compare the checksum of your downloaded ISO against that of the original source ISO. If the checksums do not match, it means that the actual data on the ISO's do not match, and if that is the case, then you should retry the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent.

To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console, (no need to be root), and:

  • To use the md5sum, type: md5sum path/to/the/image/file.iso

  • To use the sha1sum, type: sha1sum path/to/the/image/file.iso

  • To use the sha512sum, type: sha512sum path/to/the/image/file.iso

דוגמה:

then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with the ISO checksum provided by Mageia.

צריבת קובץ ה־ISO

The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or “dumped” to a USB stick. This is not a standard copy operation, as a bootable medium will actually be created.

Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD

Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn an image is used. Burn data or files is NOT correct. See the the Mageia wiki for more information.

Dump the ISO to a USB stick

All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a USB stick and then use that to boot and install the system.

[אזהרה]

צריבת קובץ דמות על התקן אחסון משמידה את כל מערכות הקבצים הקודמות בהתקן וכל הנתונים הקיימים יימחקו.

[שים לב]

Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be the Mageia ISO partition.

So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the stick will then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB is no longer formatted - hence not currently available for use. To recover the original capacity, you must reformat and repartition the USB stick.

Using a graphical tool within Mageia

אפשר להשתמש בכלי גרפי כמו IsoDumper

Using a graphical tool within Windows

You could try:

Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system
[אזהרה]

It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk overwriting potentially valuable existing data if you specify the wrong target device.

  1. Open a console

  2. Become a root (Administrator) user with the command su - (don't forget the - )

  3. Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also means do not open any application or file manager that could access or read it)

  4. Enter the command fdisk -l

  5. Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example /dev/sdb in the screenshot above, is an 8GB USB stick.

    Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command dmesg. Towards the end of the following example, you can see the device name starting with sd, and in this case, sdd is the actual device. You can also see that its size is 2GB: 

    [72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  sdd: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk

  6. Enter the command: dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

    Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdd

    Example: dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdd bs=1M

    [עצה]

    It might be helpful to know that if stands for input file and of stands for output file

  7. Enter the command: sync

  8. This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your USB stick.