ISO-tõmmise valimine ja kasutamine

Andmekandjad

Määratlus

Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO file is copied to.

ISO-tõmmised leiab siit.

Klassikalised paigaldusandmekandjad

Ühised omadused

  • These ISOs use the traditional installer called drakx.

  • Saab teha nii puhta paigalduse kui ka uuendada varasematelt väljalasetelt

DVD

  • Eri andmekandjad 32- ja 64-bitisele arhitektuurile

  • Tervitusekraanil on saada mõned tööriistad: päästesüsteem, mälu testimine, riistvara tuvastamise tööriist

  • Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages.

  • You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non free software.

Kahearhitektuurne (dualarch) DVD

  • Both architectures are present on the same medium, the choice is made automatically according to the detected CPU.

  • Uses Xfce desktop only.

  • Not all languages are available. (be, bg, ca, de, en, es, fr, it, mk, pl, pt, ru, sv, uk) TO BE CHECKED!

  • Sisaldab mittevaba tarkvara

Live-andmekandjad

Ühised omadused

  • Can be used to preview the distribution without installing it on a HDD, and optionally install Mageia on to your HDD.

  • Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (KDE or GNOME).

  • Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.

  • LiveISO-sid saab kasutada ainult puhta paigalduse, mitte aga uuendamise jaoks varasemalt versioonilt.

  • They contain non free software.

KDE LiveCD

  • Ainult KDE töökeskkond

  • Ainult inglise keeles

  • 32 bit only.

GNOME LiveCD

  • Ainult GNOME töökeskkond

  • Ainult inglise keeles

  • 32 bit only.

KDE LiveDVD

  • Ainult KDE töökeskkond

  • Sisaldab kõiki keeli

  • Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.

GNOME LiveDVD

  • Ainult GNOME töökeskkond

  • Sisaldab kõiki keeli

  • Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.

Boot-only CD media

Ühised omadused

  • Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the Internet.

  • These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a PC that can't boot from a USB stick.

  • Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.

  • Ainult inglise keeles

boot.iso

  • Contains only free software, for those people who refuse to use non-free software.

boot-nonfree.iso

  • Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for people who need it.

Downloading and Checking Media

Allalaadimine

Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the mirror in use and the possibility to change if the bandwidth is to low. If http is chosen, you may also see something like

md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of them. Both hexadecimal numbers have been calculated by an algorithm from the file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download.Then this window appears:

Märkige raadionupp Salvestama.

Allalaaditud andmekandja terviklikkuse kontrollimine

Avage konsool (selleks ei pea olema administraator) ja kirjutage:

- md5sum kasutamiseks: [sam@localhost]$ md5sum tõmmisefail.iso/asukoht.

- sha1sum kasutamiseks: [sam@localhost]$ sha1sum tõmmisefail.iso/asukoht.

ja võrrelge arvutis saadud arvu (võimalik, et peate natuke ootama) Mageia allalaadimissaidil näidatuga:

ISO kirjutamine

The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a boot-able medium.

Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD

Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly to burn an image, burn data or files is not correct. There is more information in the Mageia wiki.

Dump the ISO to a USB stick

All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a USB stick and then use it to boot and install the system.

[Hoiatus]

"dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be reduced to the image size.

To recover the original capacity, you must re-format the USB stick.

Mageia kasutamise korral

Kasutada võib mõnda graafilist tööriista, näiteks IsoDumper.

Samuti võib kasutada konsoolis tööriista dd:

  1. Avage konsool

  2. Become root with the command su - (don't forget the final '-' )

  3. Plug your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any application or file manager that could access or read it)

  4. Sisestage käsk fdisk -l

  5. Leidke oma USB-pulga seadmenimi (suuruse järgi); näiteks toodud pildil on selleks /dev/sdb, mis on 8 GB suurune USB-pulk.

  6. Sisestage käsk # dd if=ISO-faili/asukoht of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

    Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc

    Example: # dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-4-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

  7. Sisestage käsk: # sync

  8. Eemaldage USB-pulk, kõik on valmis

Windowsi kasutamise korral

You could try:

- Rufus

- Win32 Disk Imager

Mageia paigaldamine

Seda sammu kirjeldatakse üksikasjalikult Mageia käsiraamatus.

More information is available in the Mageia wiki.