Vyberte a používejte ISO

Úvod

Mageia je distribuována pomocí obrazů ISO. Tato stránka vám pomůže vybrat obraz, který nejlépe vyhovuje vašim požadavkům.

K dispozici jsou tři typy instalačních médií:

  • Classical installer: Booting with this media provides you with the maximum flexibility when choosing what to install, and for configuring your system. In particular, you have a choice of which Desktop environment to install.

  • LIVE media: This option allows you to try out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make any changes to your computer. However, the Live media also includes an Installer, which can be started when booting the media, or after booting into the Live operating system itself.

    [Poznámka]

    Živá instalace je v porovnání s klasickou snadnější. Máte ale méně voleb k nastavení.

    [Důležité]

    Live ISOs can only be used to create „clean“ installations, they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed Mageia releases.

  • Net Install: These are minimal ISO's containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX installer and find DrakX-installer-stage2 and other packages that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the Internet.

    These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient if bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC without a DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick.

Více informací naleznete v následující sekci.

Média

Definice

Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical medium (DVD, USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.

ISO soubory Mageia naleznete zde.

Klasické instalační nosiče

Běžné vlastnosti

  • These ISOs use the Classical installer called DrakX

  • They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a previously installed version of Mageia

  • Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

  • Some tools are available in the Installer „Welcome“ screen: Rescue System, Memory Test, and Hardware Detection Tool

  • Každé DVD obsahuje spoustu grafických prostředí a jazykových mutací

  • You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non-free software

Živé nosiče

Běžné vlastnosti

  • Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without having to install it

  • Živá média také obsahují instalátor.

  • Každé ISO obsahuje pouze jedno grafické prostředí (Plasma, GNOME nebo Xfce)

  • Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

  • Obsahují nesvobodný software

Živé DVD Plasma

  • Pouze pracovní prostředí Plasma

  • All available languages are present

  • Pouze 64-bit architektura

Live DVD GNOME

  • Pouze pracovní prostředí GNOME

  • All available languages are present

  • Pouze 64-bit architektura

Živé DVD Xfce

  • Pouze pracovní prostředí Xfce

  • All available languages are present

  • 32 nebo 64-bit architektura

Médium pro síťovou instalaci

Běžné vlastnosti

  • Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

  • First steps are English language only

netinstall.iso

  • Contains only free software, for those who prefer to not use non-free software

netinstall-nonfree.iso

  • Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for those who need it

Stahování a zkontrolování nosiče

Stažení

Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some information, such as the mirror in use and an option to switch to an alternative if the bandwidth is too low.

If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding checksums.

md5sum, sha1sum and sha512sum (the most secure) are tools to check the ISO integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric characters) for use in the next section.

In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will open:

Click on Save File, then click OK.

Ověřování neporušenosti stáhnutého nosiče

The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints generated by an algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may compare the checksum of your downloaded ISO against that of the original source ISO. If the checksums do not match, it means that the actual data on the ISO's do not match, and if that is the case, then you should retry the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent.

To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console, (no need to be root), and:

  • To use the md5sum, type: md5sum path/to/the/image/file.iso

  • To use the sha1sum, type: sha1sum path/to/the/image/file.iso

  • To use the sha512sum, type: sha512sum path/to/the/image/file.iso

Příklad:

then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with the ISO checksum provided by Mageia.

Vypálení nebo vepsání souboru ISO

The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or „dumped“ to a USB stick. This is not a standard copy operation, as a bootable medium will actually be created.

Vypálení souboru ISO na CD/DVD

Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn an image is used. Burn data or files is NOT correct. See the the Mageia wiki for more information.

Zapsat ISO na USB flash

All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a USB stick and then use that to boot and install the system.

[Varování]

Dumping an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on the device and all existing data will be lost.

[Poznámka]

Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be the Mageia ISO partition.

So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the stick will then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB is no longer formatted - hence not currently available for use. To recover the original capacity, you must reformat and repartition the USB stick.

Použitím grafického nástroje v Mageia

Můžete použít grafický nástroj, jakým je IsoDumper

Použitím grafického nástroje ve Windows

Můžete vyzkoušet:

Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system
[Varování]

It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk overwriting potentially valuable existing data if you specify the wrong target device.

  1. Otevřete konzoli

  2. Become a root (Administrator) user with the command su - (don't forget the - )

  3. Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also means do not open any application or file manager that could access or read it)

  4. Napište příkaz fdisk -l

  5. Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example /dev/sdb in the screenshot above, is an 8GB USB stick.

    Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command dmesg. Towards the end of the following example, you can see the device name starting with sd, and in this case, sdd is the actual device. You can also see that its size is 2GB: 

    [72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  sdd: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk

  6. Enter the command: dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

    Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdd

    Příklad: dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdd bs=1M

    [Tip]

    It might be helpful to know that if stands for input file and of stands for output file

  7. Napište příkaz: sync

  8. Toto je konec procesu. Nyní můžete USB disk vytáhnout.