Selecció i utilització de les ISOs

Introducció

Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose which image match your needs.

There is two families of media:

  • Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a process allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your target system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized installation, in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you will install.

  • LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system without installing it, to see what you will get after installation. The installation process is simpler, but you get lesser choices.

Details are given in the next sections.

Suport

Definició

Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO file is copied to.

Els podeu trobar aquí.

Suports d'instal·lació clàssics

Característiques comunes

  • Aquestes ISOs fan servir l'instal·lador clàssic anomenat drakx.

  • Poden fer una instal·lació neta o bé una actualització des de versions anteriors.

  • Suports diferents per a arquitectura de 32 ó 64 bits.

  • Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue System, Memory Test, Hardware Detection Tool.

  • Cada DVD conté diversos entorns d'escriptori disponible i diversos idiomes.

  • Durant la instal·lació se us oferirà la possibilitat d'afegir programari de propietat.

Mitjà autònom

Característiques comunes

  • Es pot utilitzar per a tenir una previsualització de la distribució sense instal·lar-la al disc dur, amb la possibilitat d'instal·lar Mageia al disc dur si ho voleu.

  • Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce).

  • Suports diferents per a arquitectura de 32 ó 64 bits.

  • Live ISOs can only be used to create clean installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous releases.

  • Contenen programari de propietat.

Live DVD Plasma

  • Plasma desktop environment only.

  • Conté tots els idiomes.

  • 64 bit architecture only.

DVD autònom de GNOME

  • Només entorn d'escriptori GNOME.

  • Conté tots els idiomes.

  • 64 bit architecture only

Live DVD Xfce

  • Xfce desktop environment only.

  • Conté tots els idiomes.

  • 32 or 64 bit architectures.

Suport CD només d'arrencada

Característiques comunes

  • Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the Internet.

  • These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a PC that can't boot from a USB stick.

  • Suports diferents per a arquitectura de 32 ó 64 bits.

  • Només en anglès.

netinstall.iso

  • Contains only free software, for those people who prefer not to use non-free software.

netinstall-nonfree.iso

  • Conté programari de propietat (principalment controladors, còdecs...) per a qui el necessiti.

Baixada i comprovació del mitjà

Baixada

Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the mirror in use and an opportunity to change if the bandwidth is to low. If http is chosen, you may also see something like

md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of them. Keep one of them for further usage. Then a window similar to this one appears:

Check the radio button Save File.

Checking the integrity of the downloaded media

Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm from the file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent.

Obriu una consola, no cal que sigueu root, i:

- Per a fer servir md5sum, teclegeu: [sam@localhost]$ md5sum camí/cap/a/la/imatge/fitxer.iso.

- Per a fer servir sha1sum, teclegeu [sam@localhost]$ sha1sum camí/cap/a/la/imatge/fitxer.iso.

and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to wait for a while) with the number given by Mageia. Example:

Enregistrament o bolcat de l'ISO

The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a bootable medium.

Enregistrament de l'ISO a un CD/DVD

Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly to burn an image, burn data or files is not correct. There is more information in the Mageia wiki.

Bolcat de l'ISO a un llapis de memòria USB

Totes les ISO de Mageia són híbrides, que vol dir que les podeu «bolcar» a un llapis de memòria USB i després fer-lo servir per a arrencar i instal·lar el sistema.

[Avís]

"Dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be reduced to the image size.

Per recuperar la capacitat original, heu de refer les particions i tornar a formatar la memòria USB.

Using a graphical tool within Mageia

You can use a graphical tool like IsoDumper

Using a graphical tool within Windows

Podeu provar:

- Rufus using the "ISO image" option;

- Win32 Disk Imager

Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system
[Avís]

It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to overwrite a disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong.

També podeu fer servir l'eina dd en una consola:

  1. Obriu una consola

  2. Convertiu-vos en root amb l'ordre su - (no oblideu el «-» final)

  3. Plug in your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any application or file manager that could access or read it)

  4. Introduïu l'ordre fdisk -l

    Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command dmesg: at end, you see the device name starting with sd, and sdd in this case: 

    [72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  sdd: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk

  5. Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example /dev/sdb in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB USB stick.

  6. Introduïu l'ordre: # dd if=camí/al/fitxer/ISO of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

    On X=nom del dispositiu, per exemple: /dev/sdc

    Example: # dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

  7. Introduïu l'ordre: # sync

  8. Desconnecteu el llapis de memòria USB, ja està