Selecció i utilització de les ISOs

Selecció i utilització de les ISOs +

Selecció i utilització de les ISO

@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ + + + + + +

@@ -37,42 +43,95 @@

Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose - which image match your needs. + which image best suits your needs.

There is two families of media:

Hi ha tres tipus de mitjans d'instal·lació:

-
Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a process - allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your target - system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized installation, - in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you will install. +
Classical installer: Booting with this + media provides you with the maximum flexibility when choosing what to + install, and for configuring your system. In particular, you have a choice + of which Desktop environment to install. +
+ +

+ +

LIVE media: This option allows you to try + out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make any changes to + your computer. However, the Live media also includes an Installer, which can + be started when booting the media, or after booting into the Live operating + system itself.

+ +

+ + + + + + + + +


	+ + The Live Installer is simpler compared to the Classical Installer - but you + have fewer configuration options. + + +

+ +

+ + + + + + + + +


	+ + Live ISOs can only be used to create “clean” installations, + they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed Mageia releases. + + +

-
LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system without - installing it, to see what you will get after installation. The - installation process is simpler, but you get lesser choices. +
Net Install: These are minimal ISO's + containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX installer + and find DrakX-installer-stage2 and other packages that + are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be on + the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the Internet. +
+ +
These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient if + bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC without a + DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick.

Details are given in the next sections.

More details are given in the next sections.

Suport +

Mitjà

@@ -83,7 +142,7 @@

Definició +

Definició

@@ -91,20 +150,20 @@

Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to - install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO - file is copied to. + install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical medium (DVD, + USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.

Els podeu trobar aquí. +

You can find Mageia ISO's here.

Suports d'instal·lació clàssics +

Mitjans d'instal·lació clàssics

@@ -115,7 +174,7 @@

Característiques comunes +

Característiques comunes

@@ -126,38 +185,36 @@

-
Aquestes ISOs fan servir l'instal·lador clàssic anomenat drakx.
+
These ISOs use the Classical installer called DrakX
-
Poden fer una instal·lació neta o bé una actualització des de versions - anteriors. +
They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a previously + installed version of Mageia
-
Suports diferents per a arquitectura de 32 ó 64 bits.
+
Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures
-
Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue System, Memory Test, - Hardware Detection Tool. -
+
Some tools are available in the Installer “Welcome” screen: + Rescue System, Memory Test, and Hardware + Detection Tool
-
Cada DVD conté diversos entorns d'escriptori disponible i diversos idiomes.
+
Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages
-
Durant la instal·lació se us oferirà la possibilitat d'afegir programari de - propietat. -
+
You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non-free software

@@ -171,7 +228,7 @@

Mitjà autònom +

Mitjà autònom

@@ -182,7 +239,7 @@

Característiques comunes +

Característiques comunes

@@ -193,32 +250,29 @@

-
Es pot utilitzar per a tenir una previsualització de la distribució sense - instal·lar-la al disc dur, amb la possibilitat d'instal·lar Mageia al disc - dur si ho voleu. +
Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without having to install + it
-
Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce).
+
The Live media also includes an Installer.
-
Suports diferents per a arquitectura de 32 ó 64 bits.
+
Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce)
-
Live ISOs can only be used to create clean - installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous - releases.
+
Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures
-
Contenen programari de propietat.
+
They contain non-free software

@@ -226,11 +280,11 @@

Live DVD Plasma +

DVD autònom de Plasma

@@ -241,17 +295,17 @@

-
Plasma desktop environment only.
+
Plasma desktop environment only
-
Conté tots els idiomes.
+
All available languages are present
-
64 bit architecture only.
+
64-bit architecture only

@@ -263,7 +317,7 @@

DVD autònom de GNOME +

DVD autònom de GNOME

@@ -274,17 +328,17 @@

-
Només entorn d'escriptori GNOME.
+
GNOME desktop environment only
-
Conté tots els idiomes.
+
All available languages are present
-
64 bit architecture only
+
64-bit architecture only

@@ -292,11 +346,11 @@

Live DVD Xfce +

DVD autònom de Xfce

@@ -307,17 +361,17 @@

-
Xfce desktop environment only.
+
Xfce desktop environment only
-
Conté tots els idiomes.
+
All available languages are present
-
32 or 64 bit architectures.
+
32 or 64-bit architectures

@@ -327,11 +381,11 @@

Suport CD només d'arrencada +

Net install media

@@ -342,7 +396,7 @@

Característiques comunes +

Característiques comunes

@@ -353,30 +407,12 @@

-
Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to - start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages - that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be - on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the - Internet. -
- -
- -
These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when - bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a - PC that can't boot from a USB stick. -
- -
- -
Suports diferents per a arquitectura de 32 ó 64 bits.
+
Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures
-
Només en anglès.
+
First steps are English language only

@@ -388,7 +424,7 @@

netinstall.iso +

netinstall.iso

@@ -399,8 +435,8 @@

-
Contains only free software, for those people who prefer not to use non-free - software. +
Contains only free software, for those who prefer to not use non-free + software

netinstall-nonfree.iso +

netinstall-nonfree.iso

@@ -424,9 +460,7 @@

-
Conté programari de propietat (principalment controladors, còdecs...) per a - qui el necessiti. -
+
Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for those who need it

@@ -442,7 +476,7 @@

Baixada i comprovació del mitjà +

Baixada i comprovació del mitjà

@@ -453,7 +487,7 @@

Baixada +

Baixada

@@ -461,19 +495,27 @@

Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or - BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the - mirror in use and an opportunity to change if the bandwidth is to low. If - http is chosen, you may also see something like + BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some information, such as + the mirror in use and an option to switch to an alternative if the bandwidth + is too low.

If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding checksums.

+ -

md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of - them. Keep one of them for further - usage. Then a window similar to this one appears: +

md5sum, sha1sum and + sha512sum (the most secure) are tools to check the ISO + integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric characters) for + use in the next section.

+ -

Check the radio button Save File.

In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will open:

+ + +

Click on Save File, then click OK. +

@@ -481,37 +523,55 @@

Checking the integrity of the downloaded media +

Checking the integrity of the downloaded media

Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm from the - file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this - number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your - downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a - failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download or attempt a - repair using BitTorrent. +

The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints generated by an + algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may compare the checksum of + your downloaded ISO against that of the original source ISO. If the + checksums do not match, it means that the actual data on the ISO's do not + match, and if that is the case, then you should retry the download or + attempt a repair using BitTorrent.

Obriu una consola, no cal que sigueu root, i:

- -

- Per a fer servir md5sum, teclegeu: [sam@localhost]$ md5sum - camí/cap/a/la/imatge/fitxer.iso. +

To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console, (no need + to be root), and:

- Per a fer servir sha1sum, teclegeu [sam@localhost]$ sha1sum - camí/cap/a/la/imatge/fitxer.iso. -

+ +
To use the md5sum, type: md5sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso
+ +
+ +
To use the sha1sum, type: sha1sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso
+ +
+ +
To use the sha512sum, type: sha512sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso
+ +

and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to wait for a - while) with the number given by Mageia. Example: -

Exemple:

+ -

then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with the ISO + checksum provided by Mageia. +

@@ -521,33 +581,33 @@

Enregistrament o bolcat de l'ISO +

Enregistrament o bolcat de l'ISO

The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB - stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a bootable - medium. +

The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or “dumped” to a + USB stick. This is not a standard copy operation, as a bootable medium will + actually be created.

Enregistrament de l'ISO a un CD/DVD +

Gravació de l'ISO a un CD/DVD

Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly - to burn an image, burn data or files is not - correct. There is more information in the Mageia - wiki. +

Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn an + image is used. Burn data or + files is NOT correct. See the the Mageia + wiki for more information.

@@ -556,16 +616,15 @@

Bolcat de l'ISO a un llapis de memòria USB +

Bolcat de l'ISO a un llapis de memòria USB

Totes les ISO de Mageia són híbrides, que vol dir que les podeu «bolcar» a - un llapis de memòria USB i després fer-lo servir per a arrencar i instal·lar - el sistema. +

All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a USB stick + and then use that to boot and install the system.

@@ -577,9 +636,8 @@ -

"Dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on - the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be - reduced to the image size. +

Dumping an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on + the device and all existing data will be lost.

@@ -587,15 +645,35 @@

Per recuperar la capacitat original, heu de refer les particions i tornar a - formatar la memòria USB. -

+ + + + + + + + +

+ +

Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be the Mageia + ISO partition. +

+ +

So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the stick will + then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB is no longer + formatted - hence not currently available for use. To recover the original + capacity, you must reformat and repartition the USB stick. +

+ +

Using a graphical tool within Mageia +

Using a graphical tool within Mageia

@@ -610,7 +688,7 @@

Using a graphical tool within Windows +

Using a graphical tool within Windows

@@ -619,20 +697,31 @@

Podeu provar:

- Rufus using the - "ISO image" option; -

- -

- Win32 - Disk Imager

+ +
Rufus using the + "ISO image" option +
+ +
+ +
Win32 Disk + Imager
+ +

Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system +

Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system

@@ -648,8 +737,8 @@ -

It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to overwrite a - disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong. +

It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk overwriting + potentially valuable existing data if you specify the wrong target device.

@@ -657,8 +746,6 @@

També podeu fer servir l'eina dd en una consola:

@@ -668,27 +755,36 @@
-
Convertiu-vos en root amb l'ordre su - (no oblideu el - «-» final) +
Become a root (Administrator) user with the command + su - (don't forget the - )
-
Plug in your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any - application or file manager that could access or read it) +
Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also means do not open + any application or file manager that could access or read it)
-
Introduïu l'ordre fdisk -l
+
Enter the command fdisk -l
+ +
-
Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command - dmesg: at end, you see the device name starting with - sd, and sdd in this case: +
Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example + /dev/sdb in the screenshot above, is an 8GB USB stick. +
+ +
Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command + dmesg. Towards the end of the following example, you can + see the device name starting with sd, and in this case, + sdd is the actual device. You can also see that its + size is 2GB:
```
[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
 [72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
@@ -711,30 +807,43 @@
                                      
```
-
Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example - /dev/sdb in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB USB stick. -
- -

Enter the command: dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file + of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

Introduïu l'ordre: # dd if=camí/al/fitxer/ISO of=/dev/sdX - bs=1M

Where X=your device name eg: + /dev/sdd

On X=nom del dispositiu, per exemple: /dev/sdc

Exemple:dd if=/home/usuari/Baixades/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso + of=/dev/sdd bs=1M

Example: # dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso - of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

+ + + + + + + + +


	+ + It might be helpful to know that if stands + for input file and of stands + for output file + + +

-
Introduïu l'ordre: # sync
+
Enter the command: sync
-
Desconnecteu el llapis de memòria USB, ja està
+
This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your USB stick.

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