From 07b9143ee35a6771bd374686636487f7f9ffa80c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Papoteur Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2019 16:03:04 +0100 Subject: Update de el en fr ja ru uk languages --- Select-and-use-ISOs.html | 459 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 293 insertions(+), 166 deletions(-) (limited to 'Select-and-use-ISOs.html') diff --git a/Select-and-use-ISOs.html b/Select-and-use-ISOs.html index f7bd945..f3cc755 100644 --- a/Select-and-use-ISOs.html +++ b/Select-and-use-ISOs.html @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ table { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px } --> -
+
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ + + + + + +
@@ -37,36 +43,90 @@

Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to - choose which image match your needs. + choose which image best suits your needs.

-

There is two families of media:

+

There are three types of installation media:

  • -

    Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a - process allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your - target system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized - installation, in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you - will install. +

    Classical installer: Booting + with this media provides you with the maximum flexibility when + choosing what to install, and for configuring your system. In + particular, you have a choice of which Desktop environment to + install. +

    + +
    • +
  • + +

    LIVE media: This option allows + you to try out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make + any changes to your computer. However, the Live media also includes an + Installer, which can be started when booting the media, or after + booting into the Live operating system itself.

    + +
    + + + + + + + + +
    [Note]
    + +

    The Live Installer is simpler compared to the Classical + Installer - but you have fewer configuration options. +

    + +
    +
    + +
    + + + + + + + + +
    [Important]
    + +

    Live ISOs can only be used to create “clean” + installations, they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed + Mageia releases. +

    + +
    +
  • -

    LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system - without installing it, to see what you will get after installation. - The installation process is simpler, but you get lesser - choices. +

    Net Install: These are minimal + ISO's containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX + installer and find DrakX-installer-stage2 and other + packages that are needed to continue and complete the install. These + packages may be on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local + network or on the Internet. +

    + +

    These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient + if bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC + without a DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick.

-

Details are given in the next sections.

+

More details are given in the next sections.

@@ -74,7 +134,7 @@
-

Media +

Media

@@ -85,7 +145,7 @@
-

Definition +

Definition

@@ -93,11 +153,11 @@

Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows - you to install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical - support the ISO file is copied to. + you to install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical + medium (DVD, USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to.

-

You can find them here. +

You can find Mageia ISO's here.

@@ -106,7 +166,7 @@
-

Classical installation media +

Classical installation media

@@ -117,7 +177,7 @@
-
Common features +
Common features
@@ -128,41 +188,40 @@
  • -

    These ISOs use the traditional installer called - drakx. -

    +

    These ISOs use the Classical installer called DrakX

  • -

    They are able to make a clean install or an update from - previous releases. +

    They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a + previously installed version of Mageia

  • -

    Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.

    +

    Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

  • -

    Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue - System, Memory Test, Hardware Detection Tool. -

    +

    Some tools are available in the Installer + “Welcome” screen: Rescue System, Memory + Test, and Hardware Detection + Tool

  • Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and - languages. + languages

  • You'll be given the choice during the installation to add - non free software. + non-free software

    • @@ -177,7 +236,7 @@
    -

    Live media +

    Live media

    @@ -188,7 +247,7 @@
    -
    Common features +
    Common features
    @@ -199,33 +258,31 @@
    • -

      Can be used to preview the distribution without installing - it on a HDD, and optionally install Mageia on to your HDD. +

      Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without + having to install it

    • -

      Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, - GNOME or Xfce). -

      +

      The Live media also includes an Installer.

    • -

      Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.

      +

      Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, + GNOME or Xfce) +

    • -

      Live ISOs can only be used to create - clean installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous - releases.

      +

      Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

    • -

      They contain non free software.

      +

      They contain non-free software

    @@ -237,7 +294,7 @@
    -
    Live DVD Plasma +
    Live DVD Plasma
    @@ -248,17 +305,17 @@
    • -

      Plasma desktop environment only.

      +

      Plasma desktop environment only

    • -

      All languages are present.

      +

      All available languages are present

    • -

      64 bit architecture only.

      +

      64-bit architecture only

    @@ -270,7 +327,7 @@
    -
    Live DVD GNOME +
    Live DVD GNOME
    @@ -281,17 +338,17 @@
    • -

      GNOME desktop environment only.

      +

      GNOME desktop environment only

    • -

      All languages are present.

      +

      All available languages are present

    • -

      64 bit architecture only

      +

      64-bit architecture only

    @@ -303,7 +360,7 @@
    -
    Live DVD Xfce +
    Live DVD Xfce
    @@ -314,17 +371,17 @@
    • -

      Xfce desktop environment only.

      +

      Xfce desktop environment only

    • -

      All languages are present.

      +

      All available languages are present

    • -

      32 or 64 bit architectures.

      +

      32 or 64-bit architectures

    @@ -334,11 +391,11 @@
    -
    +
    -

    Boot-only CD media +

    Net install media

    @@ -349,7 +406,7 @@
    -
    Common features +
    Common features
    @@ -360,32 +417,12 @@
    • -

      Each one is a small image that contains no more than that - which is needed to start the drakx installer and find - drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages that are needed to - continue and complete the install. These packages may be on the PC - hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the - Internet. -

      - -
      • -
    • - -

      These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are - convenient when bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC - without a DVD drive or a PC that can't boot from a USB - stick. -

      - -
      • -
    • - -

      Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.

      +

      Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures

    • -

      English language only.

      +

      First steps are English language only

    @@ -397,7 +434,7 @@
    -
    netinstall.iso +
    netinstall.iso
    @@ -408,7 +445,9 @@
    • -

      Contains only free software, for those people who prefer not to use non-free software.

      +

      Contains only free software, for those who prefer to not use + non-free software +

    @@ -420,7 +459,7 @@
    -
    netinstall-nonfree.iso +
    netinstall-nonfree.iso
    @@ -432,7 +471,7 @@

  • Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for - people who need it. + those who need it

    • @@ -449,7 +488,7 @@
    -

    Downloading and Checking Media +

    Downloading and Checking Media

    @@ -460,26 +499,40 @@
    -

    Downloading +

    Downloading

    -

    Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you - some information, such as the mirror in use and an opportunity to change if the bandwidth is to low. If http is chosen, you - may also see something like +

    Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using + either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some + information, such as the mirror in use and an option to switch to an + alternative if the bandwidth is too low. +

    + +

    If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding + checksums. +

    + + +

    md5sum, sha1sum and + sha512sum (the most secure) are tools to check the + ISO integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric + characters) for use in the next section.

    + -

    md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only - one of them. Keep one of them for further - usage. Then a window similar to this one appears: +

    In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will + open:

    -

    Check the radio button Save File.

    +

    Click on Save File, then click + OK. +

    @@ -487,37 +540,56 @@
    -

    Checking the integrity of the downloaded media +

    Checking the integrity of the downloaded + media

    -

    Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm - from the file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to - recalculate this number from your downloaded file, either you have the - same number and your downloaded file is correct, or the number is - different and you have a failure. A failure infers that you should retry - the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent. +

    The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints + generated by an algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may + compare the checksum of your downloaded ISO against that of the original + source ISO. If the checksums do not match, it means that the actual data + on the ISO's do not match, and if that is the case, then you should + retry the download or attempt a repair using BitTorrent.

    -

    Open a console, no need to be root, and:

    - -

    - To use md5sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ md5sum - path/to/the/image/file.iso. +

    To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console, + (no need to be root), and:

    -

    - To use sha1sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ sha1sum - path/to/the/image/file.iso. -

    +
    +
      +
    • + +

      To use the md5sum, type: md5sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso

      + +
      • +
    • + +

      To use the sha1sum, type: sha1sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso

      + +
      • +
    • + +

      To use the sha512sum, type: sha512sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso

      + +
      • +
    +
    -

    and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to - wait for a while) with the number given by Mageia. Example: -

    +

    Example:

    + -

    +

    then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with + the ISO checksum provided by Mageia. +

    @@ -527,33 +599,33 @@
    -

    Burn or dump the ISO +

    Burn or dump the ISO

    -

    The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB - stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a bootable - medium. +

    The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or + “dumped” to a USB stick. This is not a standard copy + operation, as a bootable medium will actually be created.

    -

    Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD +

    Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD

    -

    Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set - correctly to burn an image, burn data - or files is not correct. There is more information in the - Mageia wiki. +

    Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn + an image is used. Burn data or + files is NOT correct. See the the + Mageia wiki for more information.

    @@ -562,15 +634,15 @@
    -

    Dump the ISO to a USB stick +

    Dump the ISO to a USB stick

    -

    All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a - USB stick and then use it to boot and install the system. +

    All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a + USB stick and then use that to boot and install the system.

    @@ -582,9 +654,8 @@ -

    "Dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous - file-system on the device; any other data will be lost and the - partition capacity will be reduced to the image size. +

    Dumping an image onto a flash device destroys any previous + file-system on the device and all existing data will be lost.

    @@ -592,15 +663,36 @@
    -

    To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and - re-format the USB stick. -

    +
    + + + + + + + + +
    [Note]
    + +

    Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be + the Mageia ISO partition. +

    + +

    So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the + stick will then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB + is no longer formatted - hence not currently available for use. To + recover the original capacity, you must reformat and repartition the + USB stick. +

    + +
    +
    -
    Using a graphical tool within Mageia +
    Using a graphical tool within Mageia
    @@ -615,7 +707,7 @@
    -
    Using a graphical tool within Windows +
    Using a graphical tool within Windows
    @@ -624,20 +716,31 @@

    You could try:

    -

    - Rufus using the - "ISO image" option; -

    - -

    - Win32 Disk - Imager

    +
    + +
    -
    +
    -
    Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system +
    Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system
    @@ -653,8 +756,9 @@ -

    It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to - overwrite a disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong. +

    It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk + overwriting potentially valuable existing data if you specify the + wrong target device.

    @@ -662,8 +766,6 @@
    -

    You can also use the dd tool in a console:

    -
    1. @@ -673,29 +775,40 @@
    2. -

      Become root with the command su - - (don't forget the final '-' ) +

      Become a root (Administrator) user with + the command su - (don't forget the + - )

    3. -

      Plug in your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do - not open any application or file manager that could access or read - it) +

      Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also + means do not open any application or file manager that could + access or read it)

    4. -

      Enter the command fdisk -l

      +

      Enter the command fdisk -l

      + + +
      5. +
    5. +

      Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for + example /dev/sdb in the screenshot above, is + an 8GB USB stick. +

      -

      Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command - dmesg: at end, you see the device name starting with - sd, and sdd in this - case: +

      Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command + dmesg. Towards the end of the following + example, you can see the device name starting with + sd, and in this case, + sdd is the actual device. You can also see + that its size is 2GB: 

      [72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
 [72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
@@ -718,30 +831,44 @@
    6. -

      Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for - example /dev/sdb in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB - USB stick. -

      - -
      7. -
    7. +

      Enter the command: dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file + of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

      -

      Enter the command: # dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file - of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

      +

      Where X=your device name eg: + /dev/sdd

      -

      Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc

      +

      Example: dd + if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdd + bs=1M

      -

      Example: # dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

      +
      + + + + + + + + +
      [Tip]
      + +

      It might be helpful to know that if stands for input file and of stands for output file +

      + +
      +
    8. -

      Enter the command: # sync

      +

      Enter the command: sync

    9. -

      Unplug your USB stick, it is done

      +

      This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your + USB stick. +

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