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diff --git a/he/Select-and-use-ISOs.html b/he/Select-and-use-ISOs.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7265639 --- /dev/null +++ b/he/Select-and-use-ISOs.html @@ -0,0 +1,860 @@ +<html> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + + <title>Select and use ISOs</title> + <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"> + <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Installation with DrakX"> + <link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Installation with DrakX"> + <link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="Installation with DrakX"> + <link rel="next" href="installer.html" title="DrakX, כלי ההתקנה של Mageia"><style xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" type="text/css"> + <!-- + body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px } + table { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px } + --></style></head> + <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF" dir="rtl"> + <div lang="he" class="section" title="Select and use ISOs"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h2 class="title"><a name="Select-and-use-ISOs"></a>Select and use ISOs + </h2> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + + + + + + + <div class="section" title="מבוא"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e19"></a>מבוא + </h3> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <p>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose + which image best suits your needs. + </p> + + <p>There are three types of installation media:</p> + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p><span class="bold"><strong>Classical installer:</strong></span> Booting with this + media provides you with the maximum flexibility when choosing what to + install, and for configuring your system. In particular, you have a choice + of which Desktop environment to install. + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p><span class="bold"><strong>LIVE media:</strong></span> This option allows you to try + out Mageia without having to actually install it, or make any changes to + your computer. However, the Live media also includes an Installer, which can + be started when booting the media, or after booting into the Live operating + system itself. + </p> + + <div class="note" title="שים לב" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> + <table border="0" summary="Note"> + <tr> + <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[שים לב]" src="note.png"></td> + <th align="right"></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + + <p>אשף ההתקנה בזמן־אמת הוא פשוט יותר בהשוואה לאשף ההתקנה הקלאסית - אך יש לך + אפשרויות הגדרה רבות יותר. + </p> + + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + + <div class="important" title="חשוב" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> + <table border="0" summary="Important"> + <tr> + <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[חשוב]" src="important.png"></td> + <th align="right"></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + + <p>Live ISOs can only be used to create <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">clean</span>”</span> installations, + they cannot be used to upgrade previously installed Mageia releases. + </p> + + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p><span class="bold"><strong>Net Install</strong></span>: These are minimal ISO's + containing no more than that which is needed to start the DrakX installer + and find <code class="literal">DrakX-installer-stage2</code> and other packages that + are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be on + the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the Internet. + </p> + + <p>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient if + bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, or if you have a PC without a + DVD drive or is unable to boot from a USB stick. + </p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <p>More details are given in the next sections.</p> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="מדיה"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e41"></a>מדיה + </h3> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Definition"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e43"></a>Definition + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <p>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to + install and/or update Mageia and, by extension, any physical medium (DVD, + USB stick, ...) the ISO file is copied to. + </p> + + <p>You can find Mageia ISO's <a class="ulink" href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/" target="_top">here</a>. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Classical installation media"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e48"></a>Classical installation media + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Common features"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e50"></a>Common features + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>קובצי הדמות הללו משתמשים באשף ההתקנה הקלאסית הנקרא DrakX</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>They are used for performing clean installs or to upgrade a previously + installed version of Mageia + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Some tools are available in the Installer <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Welcome</span>”</span> screen: + <span class="emphasis"><em>Rescue System, Memory Test, </em></span>and <span class="emphasis"><em>Hardware + Detection Tool</em></span></p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non-free software</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="אמצעי התקנה בזמן־אמת"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e68"></a>אמצעי התקנה בזמן־אמת + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Common features"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e70"></a>Common features + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Can be used to preview the Mageia operating system without having to install + it + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>The Live media also includes an Installer.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (Plasma, GNOME or Xfce)</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>They contain non-free software</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Live DVD Plasma"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e83"></a>Live DVD Plasma + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Plasma desktop environment only</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>All available languages are present</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>64-bit architecture only</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="‏DVD בזמן־אמת עם GNOME"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e92"></a>‏DVD בזמן־אמת עם GNOME + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>GNOME desktop environment only</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>All available languages are present</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>64-bit architecture only</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Live DVD Xfce"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e101"></a>Live DVD Xfce + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Xfce desktop environment only</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>All available languages are present</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>32 or 64-bit architectures</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Net install media"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e110"></a>Net install media + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Common features"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e112"></a>Common features + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Different media for 32 and 64-bit architectures</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>First steps are English language only</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="netinstall.iso"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e119"></a>netinstall.iso + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Contains only free software, for those who prefer to not use non-free + software + </p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="netinstall-nonfree.iso"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e124"></a>netinstall-nonfree.iso + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for those who need it</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Downloading and Checking Media"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e129"></a>Downloading and Checking Media + </h3> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="הורדה"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e131"></a>הורדה + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <p>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or + BitTorrent. In both cases, you are provided with some information, such as + the mirror in use and an option to switch to an alternative if the bandwidth + is too low. + </p> + + <p>If http is chosen you will also see some information regarding checksums.</p> + + + <p><code class="literal">md5sum</code>, <code class="literal">sha1sum</code> and + <code class="literal">sha512sum</code> (the most secure) are tools to check the ISO + integrity. Copy one of the checksums (string of alphanumeric characters) for + use in the next section. + </p> + + + + <p>In the meantime, a window to download the actual ISO will open:</p> + + + <p>Click on <span class="emphasis"><em>Save File</em></span>, then click <span class="emphasis"><em>OK</em></span>. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Checking the integrity of the downloaded media"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e149"></a>Checking the integrity of the downloaded media + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <p>The checksums referred to earlier, are digital fingerprints generated by an + algorithm from the file to be downloaded. You may compare the checksum of + your downloaded ISO against that of the original source ISO. If the + checksums do not match, it means that the actual data on the ISO's do not + match, and if that is the case, then you should retry the download or + attempt a repair using BitTorrent. + </p> + + <p>To generate the checksum for your downloaded ISO, open a console, (no need + to be root), and: + </p> + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>To use the md5sum, type: <span class="command"><strong>md5sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso</strong></span></p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>To use the sha1sum, type: <span class="command"><strong>sha1sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso</strong></span></p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>To use the sha512sum, type: <span class="command"><strong>sha512sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso</strong></span></p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + <p>דוגמה:</p> + + + + <p>then compare the result (you may have to wait for a while) with the ISO + checksum provided by Mageia. + </p> + + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Burn or dump the ISO"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e168"></a>Burn or dump the ISO + </h3> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <p>The verified ISO can now be burned to a CD/DVD or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">dumped</span>”</span> to a + USB stick. This is not a standard copy operation, as a bootable medium will + actually be created. + </p> + + <div class="section" title="Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e172"></a>Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <p>Whichever software you use, ensure that the option to burn an<span class="emphasis"><em> + image</em></span> is used. Burn <span class="emphasis"><em>data</em></span> or + <span class="emphasis"><em>files</em></span> is NOT correct. See the <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images" target="_top">the Mageia + wiki</a> for more information. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Dump the ISO to a USB stick"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e179"></a>Dump the ISO to a USB stick + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <p>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can dump them to a USB stick + and then use that to boot and install the system. + </p> + + <div class="warning" title="אזהרה" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> + <table border="0" summary="Warning"> + <tr> + <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[אזהרה]" src="warning.png"></td> + <th align="right"></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + + <p>Dumping an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on + the device and all existing data will be lost. + </p> + + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + + <div class="note" title="שים לב" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> + <table border="0" summary="Note"> + <tr> + <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[שים לב]" src="note.png"></td> + <th align="right"></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + + <p>Also, the only partition on the flash device will then just be the Mageia + ISO partition. + </p> + + <p>So, if an ISO of about 4GB is written to an 8GB USB stick, the stick will + then only show up as 4GB. This is because the remaining 4GB is no longer + formatted - hence not currently available for use. To recover the original + capacity, you must reformat and repartition the USB stick. + </p> + + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Mageia"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e187"></a>Using a graphical tool within Mageia + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <p>You can use a graphical tool like <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks" target="_top">IsoDumper</a></p> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Windows"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e191"></a>Using a graphical tool within Windows + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <p>You could try:</p> + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p><a class="ulink" href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US" target="_top">Rufus</a> using the + "ISO image" option + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p><a class="ulink" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager" target="_top">Win32 Disk + Imager</a></p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + <div class="section" title="Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e201"></a>Using the Command line within a GNU/Linux system + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div class="warning" title="אזהרה" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> + <table border="0" summary="Warning"> + <tr> + <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[אזהרה]" src="warning.png"></td> + <th align="right"></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + + <p>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk overwriting + potentially valuable existing data if you specify the wrong target device. + </p> + + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + + <div class="orderedlist"> + <ol class="orderedlist" type="1"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Open a console</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Become a <span class="emphasis"><em>root</em></span> (Administrator) user with the command + <span class="command"><strong>su -</strong></span> (don't forget the <span class="command"><strong>-</strong></span> ) + </p> + + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Plug in your USB stick - but do not mount it (this also means do not open + any application or file manager that could access or read it) + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Enter the command <span class="command"><strong>fdisk -l</strong></span></p> + + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example + <code class="filename">/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, is an 8GB USB stick. + </p> + + <p>Alternatively, you can find the device name with the command + <span class="command"><strong>dmesg</strong></span>. Towards the end of the following example, you can + see the device name starting with <code class="filename">sd</code>, and in this case, + <code class="filename">sdd</code> is the actual device. You can also see that its + size is 2GB: + </p> + <pre class="screen">[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd +[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000 +[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 +[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device +[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash +[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB +[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes +[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes +[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected +[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0 +[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 2GB 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4 +[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB) +[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off +[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 +[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found +[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through +[72595.967251] <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span>: sdd1 +[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</pre> + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Enter the command: <span class="command"><strong>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file + of=/dev/sd<em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em> bs=1M</strong></span></p> + + <p>Where <em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em>=your device name eg: + <code class="filename">/dev/sdd</code></p> + + <p>Example:<code class="literal"> dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-6-x86_64-DVD.iso + of=/dev/sdd bs=1M</code></p> + + <div class="tip" title="עצה" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> + <table border="0" summary="Tip"> + <tr> + <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[עצה]" src="tip.png"></td> + <th align="right"></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + + <p>It might be helpful to know that <span class="bold"><strong>if</strong></span> stands + for <span class="bold"><strong>i</strong></span>nput <span class="bold"><strong>f</strong></span>ile and <span class="bold"><strong>of</strong></span> stands + for <span class="bold"><strong>o</strong></span>utput <span class="bold"><strong>f</strong></span>ile + </p> + + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Enter the command: <span class="command"><strong>sync</strong></span></p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>This is the end of the process, and you may now unplug your USB stick.</p> + + </li> + </ol> + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + </body> +</html> |