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| author | Marja van Waes <marja@mageia.org> | 2016-06-14 16:33:52 +0200 |
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| committer | Marja van Waes <marja@mageia.org> | 2016-06-14 16:33:52 +0200 |
| commit | cfd65e707b6c0021d080587e6533ce19bb34c7e6 (patch) | |
| tree | f440dbcb4cc8e277d645add03dbe1bbee09fc398 /zh_cn/Select-and-use-ISOs.html | |
| parent | 7a2f2236cc94cc7cb6a6f015b65c277f21b1b2d1 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/zh_cn/Select-and-use-ISOs.html b/zh_cn/Select-and-use-ISOs.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6653316 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_cn/Select-and-use-ISOs.html @@ -0,0 +1,911 @@ +<html> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + + <title>Select and use ISOs</title> + <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"> + <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="用 DrakX 安装"> + <link rel="up" href="index.html" title="用 DrakX 安装"> + <link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="用 DrakX 安装"> + <link rel="next" href="installer.html" title="DrakX，Mageia 的安装器"><style xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" type="text/css"> + <!-- + body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px } + table { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px } + --></style></head> + <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> + <div lang="zh_CN" class="section" title="Select and use ISOs"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h2 class="title"><a name="Select-and-use-ISOs"></a>Select and use ISOs + </h2> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + + + <div class="section" title="简介"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e19"></a>简介 + </h3> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <p>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose + which image match your needs. + </p> + + + <p>There is two families of media:</p> + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a process + allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your target + system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized installation, + in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you will install. + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system without + installing it, to see what you will get after installation. The + installation process is simpler, but you get lesser choices. + </p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + + <p>Details are given in the next sections.</p> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="介质"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e29"></a>介质 + </h3> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="section" title="Definition"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e31"></a>Definition + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <p>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to + install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO + file is copied to. + </p> + + + <p>You can find them <a class="ulink" href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/" target="_top">here</a>. + </p> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Classical installation media"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e36"></a>Classical installation media + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="section" title="Common features"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e38"></a>Common features + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>These ISOs use the traditional installer called drakx.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>They are able to make a clean install or an update from previous releases.</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="DVD"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e45"></a>DVD + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Different media for architecture 32 or 64 bits.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue System, Memory Test, + Hardware Detection Tool. + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non free software.</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="DVD dual arch"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e56"></a>DVD dual arch + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Both architectures are present on the same medium, the choice is made + automatically according to the detected CPU. + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Uses Xfce desktop only.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Not all languages are available. (be, bg, ca, de, en, es, fr, it, mk, pl, + pt, ru, sv, uk) TO BE CHECKED! + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>It contains non free software.</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Live media"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e67"></a>Live media + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="section" title="Common features"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e69"></a>Common features + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Can be used to preview the distribution without installing it on a HDD, and + optionally install Mageia on to your HDD. + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (KDE or GNOME).</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p><span class="bold"><strong>Live ISOs can only be used to create clean + installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous + releases.</strong></span></p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>They contain non free software.</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Live CD KDE"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e83"></a>Live CD KDE + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>KDE desktop environment only.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>English language only.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>32 bit only.</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Live CD GNOME"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e92"></a>Live CD GNOME + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>GNOME desktop environment only.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>English language only.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>32 bit only.</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Live DVD KDE"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e101"></a>Live DVD KDE + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>KDE desktop environment only.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>All languages are present.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Live DVD GNOME"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e110"></a>Live DVD GNOME + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>GNOME desktop environment only.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>All languages are present.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Boot-only CD media"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e119"></a>Boot-only CD media + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="section" title="Common features"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e121"></a>Common features + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to + start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages + that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be + on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the + Internet. + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when + bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a + PC that can't boot from a USB stick. + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>English language only.</p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="boot.iso"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e132"></a>boot.iso + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Contains only free software, for those people who refuse to use non-free + software. + </p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="boot-nonfree.iso"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e137"></a>boot-nonfree.iso + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="itemizedlist"> + <ul class="itemizedlist"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for people who need + it. + </p> + + </li> + </ul> + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Downloading and Checking Media"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e142"></a>Downloading and Checking Media + </h3> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="section" title="下载中"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e144"></a>下载中 + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <p>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or + BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the + mirror in use and the possibility to change if the bandwidth is to low. If + http is chosen, you may also see something like + </p> + + + + + <p>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of + them. Keep one of them <a class="link" href="Select-and-use-ISOs.html#integrity">for further + usage</a>. Then this window appears: + </p> + + + + + <p>Check the radio button Save File.</p> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Checking the downloaded media integrity"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e156"></a>Checking the downloaded media integrity + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <p>Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm from the + file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this + number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your + downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a + failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download. + </p> + + + <p>Open a console, no need to be root, and:</p> + + + <p>- To use md5sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>md5sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso</code></strong>. + </p> + + + <p>- To use sha1sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sha1sum + path/to/the/image/file.iso</code></strong>. + </p> + + + <p>and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to wait for a + while) with the number given by Mageia. Example: + </p> + + + + + <p></p> + + </div> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Burn or dump the ISO"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e169"></a>Burn or dump the ISO + </h3> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <p>The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB + stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a boot-able + medium. + </p> + + + <div class="section" title="将ISO文件刻录到CD或DVD"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e172"></a>将ISO文件刻录到CD或DVD + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <p>Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly + to <span class="bold"><strong>burn an image</strong></span>, burn data or files is not + correct. There is more information in <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images" target="_top">the Mageia + wiki</a>. + </p> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Dump the ISO to a USB stick"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e177"></a>Dump the ISO to a USB stick + </h4> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <p>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a USB stick + and then use it to boot and install the system. + </p> + + + <div class="warning" title="警告" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> + <table border="0" summary="Warning"> + <tr> + <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[警告]" src="warning.png"></td> + <th align="left"></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left" valign="top"> + + <p>"dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on + the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be + reduced to the image size. + </p> + + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + + + <p>To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and re-format + the USB stick. + </p> + + + <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Mageia"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e183"></a>Using a graphical tool within Mageia + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <p>You can use a graphical tool like <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks" target="_top">IsoDumper</a></p> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Windows"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e187"></a>Using a graphical tool within Windows + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <p>You could try:</p> + + + <p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US" target="_top">Rufus</a> using the + "ISO image" option; + </p> + + + <p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager" target="_top">Win32 + Disk Imager</a></p> + + </div> + + + <div class="section" title="Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system"> + <div class="titlepage"> + <div> + <div> + <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e194"></a>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system + </h5> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + + <div class="warning" title="警告" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> + <table border="0" summary="Warning"> + <tr> + <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[警告]" src="warning.png"></td> + <th align="left"></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left" valign="top"> + + <p>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to overwrite a + disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong. + </p> + + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + + + <p>You can also use the dd tool in a console:</p> + + + <div class="orderedlist"> + <ol class="orderedlist" type="1"> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Open a console</p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Become root with the command <strong class="userinput"><code>su -</code></strong> (don't forget the + final '-' ) + </p> + + + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Plug your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any + application or file manager that could access or read it) + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Enter the command <strong class="userinput"><code>fdisk -l</code></strong></p> + + + + + <p>Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command + <code class="code">dmesg</code>: at end, you see the device name starting with + <span class="emphasis"><em>sd</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span> in this case: + </p> + + <pre class="screen">[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd +[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000 +[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 +[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device +[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash +[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB +[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes +[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes +[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected +[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0 +[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 2GB 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4 +[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB) +[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off +[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 +[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found +[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through +[72595.967251] <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span>: sdd1 +[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</pre> + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example + <code class="code">/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB USB stick. + </p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Enter the command: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sdX + bs=1M</code></strong></p> + + + <p>Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc</p> + + + <p>Example: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-4-x86_64-DVD.iso + of=/dev/sdb bs=1M</code></strong></p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Enter the command: # <strong class="userinput"><code>sync</code></strong></p> + + </li> + <li class="listitem"> + + <p>Unplug your USB stick, it is done</p> + + </li> + </ol> + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + + </div> + </body> +</html> |