Správa softwaru

Na této obrazovce si můžete vybrat mezi několika nástroji pro správu +softwaru. Pokud se chcete dozvědět více klikněte na některý z odkazů níže.

Správa softwaru

„Software Management (Install and Remove Software)“
„Aktualizace balíčků softwaru“ = Aktualizovat váš +systém
„Nastavit frekvenci aktualizací“
„Nastavení zdrojů“ = Nastavení zdrojů +software pro instalaci a aktualizaci

Software Management (Install and Remove Software)

rpmdrake

Úvod do rpmdrake

This tool^[1], also known as drakrpm, is a +program for installing, uninstalling and updating packages. It is the +graphical user interface of URPMI. At each start up, it will check online +package lists (called 'media') downloaded straight from Mageia's official +servers, and will show you each time the latest applications and packages +available for your computer. A filter system allows you to display only +certain types of packages: you may display only installed applications (by +default), or only available updates. You can also view only not installed +packages. You can also search by the name of a package, or in the summaries +of descriptions or in the full descriptions of packages or in the file names +included in the packages.

To work, rpmdrake needs the repositories to be configured with „Nastavení zdrojů“ .

Důležité

During the installation, the configured repository is the medium used for +the installation, generally the DVD or CD. If you keep this medium, rpmdrake +will ask it each time you want to install a package, with this pop-up window +:

If the above message annoys you +and you have a good internet connection without too strict download limit, +it is wise to remove that medium and replace it by online repositories +thanks to „Nastavení zdrojů“ .

Moreover, the online repositories are always up to date, contains much more +packages, and allow to update your installed packages.

The main parts of the screen

Package type filter:
This filter allows you to display only certain types of packages. The first +time you start the manager, it only displays applications with a graphical +interface. You can display either all the packages and all their +dependencies and libraries or only package groups such as applications only, +updates only or backported packages from newer versions of Mageia.
Varování
The default filter setting is for new entrants to Linux or Mageia, who +probably do not want command line or specialist tools. Since you're reading +this documentation, you're obviously interested in improving your knowledge +of Mageia, so it is best to set this filter to "All".
Package state filter: +
This filter allows you to view only the installed packages, only the +packages that are not installed or all of the packages, both installed and +not installed.
Search mode:
Click on this icon to search through the package names, through their +summaries, through their complete description or through the files included +in the packages.
"Find" box:
Enter here one or more key words. If you want to use more than one keyword +for searching use '|' between keywords, e.g. To search for "mplayer" and +"xine" at the same time type 'mplayer | xine'.
Erase all:
This icon can erase in one click all the key words entered in the "Find" box +.
Categories list:
This side bar groups all applications and packages into clear categories and +sub categories.
Description panel:
This panel displays the package's name, its summary and complete +description. It displays many useful elements about the selected package. It +can also show precise details about the package, the files included in the +package as well as a list of the last changes made by the maintainer.

The status column

Once you correctly set the filters, you can find your software either by +category (in area 6 above) or by name/summary/description using area 4. A +list of packages fulfilling your query and, don't forget, the chosen medium +is shown with different status markers according to whether each package is +installed/not installed/an update... To change this status, just check or +uncheck the box before the package name and click on +Apply.

Tabulka 1.

Ikona	Legenda
	Tento balíček je již nainstalován
	Tento balíček bude nainstalován
	Tento balíček nelze změnit
	Tento balíček je aktualizací
	Tento balíček bude odinstalován

Examples in the screenshot above:

If I uncheck digikam (the green arrow tell us it is installed), the status +icon will go red with an up arrow and it will be uninstalled when clicking +on Apply.

If I check qdigidoc (which is not installed, see the status), the orange +with a down arrow status icon will appear and it will be installed when +clicking on Apply.

The dependencies

Some packages need other packages called dependencies in order to work. They +are for example libraries or tools. In this case, Rpmdrake displays an +information window allowing you to choose whether to accept the selected +dependencies, cancel the operation or get more information (see above). It +may also happen that various packages are able to provide the needed +library, in which case rpmdrake displays the list of alternatives with a +button to get more information and another button to choose which package to +install.

Aktualizace balíčků softwaru

MageiaUpdate or drakrpm-update

This tool^[2] is present in the Mageia +Control Center under the tab Software +management.

Poznámka

To work, MageiaUpdate needs the repositories to be configured with +drakrpm-editmedia with some media checked as updates. If they are not, you +are prompted to do so.

As soon as this tool is launched, it scans the installed packages and lists +those with an update available in the repositories. They are all selected by +default to be automatically downloaded and installed. Click on the +Update button to start the process.

By clicking on a package, more information is displayed in the lower half of +the window. The print > before a title +means you can click to drop down a text.

Poznámka

Pokud jsou k dispozici aktualizace, applet v systémové liště vás upozorní +zobrazením této červené ikony +. Pro aktualizaci systému stačí kliknout a zadat heslo uživatele.

Nastavit frekvenci aktualizací

mgaapplet-config

This tool^[3] is present in the Mageia +Control Center under the tab Software +management. It is also available by a right click / +Updates configuration on the red icon in the system tray.

The first slider allows you to change how frequently Mageia will check for +updates and the second the delay after booting before the first check. The +check box gives you the option to be warned when a new Mageia release is +out.

Nastavení zdrojů

drakrpm-edit-media

Důležité

First thing to do after an install is to add software sources (also known as +repositories, media, mirrors). That means you must select the media sources +to be used to install and update packages and applications. (see Add button +below).

Poznámka

If you install (or upgrade) Mageia using an optical media (DVD or CD) or a +USB device, there will be a software source configured to the optical media +used. To avoid being asked to insert the media when you install new +packages, you should disable (or delete) this media. (It will have the +media type CD-Rom).

Poznámka

Your system is running under an architecture which may be 32-bit (called +i586), or 64-bit (called x86_64). Some packages are independent of whether +your system is 32-bit or 64-bit; these are called noarch packages. They +don't have their own noarch directories on the mirrors, but are all in both +the i586 and the x86_64 media.

This tool is present in the Mageia Control Center under the tab Software management.^[4]

The columns

Column Enable:

The checked media will be used to install new packages. Be cautious with +some media such as Testing and Debug, they could make your system unusable.

Column Update:

The checked media will be used to update packages, it must be enabled. Only +media with "Update" in its name should be selected. For security reasons, +this column isn't modifiable in this tool, you must open a console as root +and type drakrpm-edit-media --expert.

Column medium:

Display the medium name. Mageia official repositories for final release +versions contain at least:

Core which contains most programs available +supported by Mageia.
Nonfree which contains some programs which +are not free
Tainted free software for which there might +be patent claims in some countries.
Each medium has 4 sub-sections:
Release the packages as of the day the this +version of Mageia was released.
Updates the packages updated since release +due to security or bug concerns. Everyone should have this medium enabled, +even with a very slow internet connection.
Backports some packages of new versions +backported from Cauldron (the next version under development).
Testing which is used for temporary tests +of new updates, to allow the bug reporters and the QA team to validate the +corrections.

The buttons on the right

Remove:

To remove a medium, click on it and then on this button. It is wise to +remove the medium used for the installation (CD or DVD for example) since +all the packages it contains are in the official Core release medium.

Edit:

Allows you to modify the selected medium settings, (URL, downloader and +proxy).

Add:

Add the official repositories available on the Internet. These repositories +contain only safe and well tested software. Clicking on the "Add" button +adds the mirrorlist to your configuration, it is designed to make sure that +you install and update from a mirror close to you. If you prefer to choose a +specific mirror, then add it by choosing "Add a specific media mirror" from +the drop-down "File" menu.

Up and down arrows:

Change the list order. When Drakrpm looks for a package, it reads the list +in the displayed order and will install the first package found for the same +release number - in the event of a version mismatch, the latest release will +be installed. So if possible, put the fastest repositories at the top.

The menu

File -> Update:

A window pops up with the media list. Select the ones you want to update and +click on the Update button.

File -> Add a specific media mirror:

Suppose you aren't happy with the actual mirror, because for example it's +too slow or often unavailable, you can choose another mirror. Select all the +actual media and click on Remove to take them +out. Click on File -> Add a specific media mirror, choose +between update only or the full set (if you do not know, choose the +Full set of sources) and accept the contact by +clicking on Yes. This window opens:

You can see, on the left, a list of countries, choose yours or one very +close by clicking on the > symbol, this will display all the available +mirrors in that country. Select one and click on OK.

File -> Add a custom medium:

It is possible to install a new media (from a third party for example) that +isn't supported by Mageia. A new window appears:

Select the medium type, find a smart +name that well define the medium and give the URL (or the path, according to +the medium type)

Options -> Global options:

This item allows you to choose when to "Verify RPMs to be installed" (always +or never), the download program (curl, wget or aria2) and to define the +download policy for information about the packages (on demand -by default-, +update only, always or never).

Options -> Manage keys:

To guarantee a high level of security, digital keys are used to authenticate +the media. It is possible for each medium to allow or disallow a key. In the +window that appear, select a medium and then click on +Add to allow a new key or to select a key and click +on Remove to disallow that key.

Varování

Do this with care, as with all security-related questions

Options -> Proxy:

If you need to use a proxy server for internet access, you can configure it +here. You only need to give the Proxy hostname and if +necessary a Username and Password.

For more information about configuring the media, see the Mageia Wiki +page.

^[1]Tento nástroj můžete spustit, jako root, přes příkazovou řádku, pomocí +příkazu rpmdrake.

^[2]Tento nástroj můžete spustit, jako root, přes příkazovou řádku, pomocí +příkazu MageiaUpdate, nebo drakrpm-update.

^[3]Tento nástroj můžete spustit, jako root, přes příkazovou řádku, pomocí +příkazu mgaapplet-config.

^[4]Tento nástroj můžete spustit, jako root, přes příkazovou řádku, pomocí +příkazu drakrpm-edit-media.

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Uploaded on 11/06/2023

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