MSEC: Seguridad y Auditoría del Sistema
msecgui
Presentación
msecguiPuede iniciar esta herramienta como superusuario desde la línea de comando,
escribiendo msecgui.
is a graphic user interface for
msec that allows to configure your system security according to two
approaches:
Establece el comportamiento del sistema, msec impone modificaciones en el
sistema para que sea más seguro.
Se lleva a cabo controles periódicos de forma automática en el sistema con
el fin de advertir que si algo parece peligroso.
msec utiliza el concepto de "niveles de seguridad", que tiene la intención
de configurar un conjunto de permisos del sistema, que pueden ser auditados
para cambiar o confirmar. Varios de ellos son propuestos por Mageia, pero
usted puede definir sus propios niveles de seguridad personalizados.
pestaña Resumen
Ver la captura anterior
La primera pestaña retoma la lista de las diferentes herramientas de
seguridad con un botón en el lado derecho para configurarlos:
Firewall, también se encuentra en el MCC / Seguridad / Configure su servidor
de seguridad personal
Actualizaciones, también se encuentran en MCC / Software de Gestión /
Actualizar su sistema
msec alguna información de si misma:
habilitado o no
el nivel de seguridad base configurado
la fecha de las últimas comprobaciones periódicas y un botón para ver un
informe detallado y otro botón para ejecutar los controles en este momento.
Pestaña opciones de seguridad
A click on the second tab or on the Security
Configure button leads to the same screen shown
below.
Pestaña seguridad básica
Niveles de seguridad:
After having checked the box Enable MSEC tool, this tab
allows you by a double click to choose the security level that appears then
in bold. If the box is not checked, the level « none » is applied. The
following levels are available:
Level none. This level is intended if you
do not want to use msec to control system security, and prefer tuning it on
your own. It disables all security checks and puts no restrictions or
constraints on system configuration and settings. Please use this level only
if you are knowing what you are doing, as it would leave your system
vulnerable to attack.
Level standard. This is the default
configuration when installed and is intended for casual users. It
constrains several system settings and executes daily security checks which
detect changes in system files, system accounts, and vulnerable directory
permissions. (This level is similar to levels 2 and 3 from past msec
versions).
Level secure. This level is intended when
you want to ensure your system is secure, yet usable. It further restricts
system permissions and executes more periodic checks. Moreover, access to
the system is more restricted. (This level is similar to levels 4 (High) and
5 (Paranoid) from old msec versions).
Besides those levels, different task-oriented security are also provided,
such as the fileserver , webserver and netbook levels. Such levels attempt to pre-configure
system security according to the most common use cases.
The last two levels called audit_daily and
audit_weekly are not really security levels
but rather tools for periodic checks only.
These levels are saved in
etc/security/msec/level.<levelname>. You can define
your own customised security levels, saving them into specific files called
level.<levelname>, placed into the folder
etc/security/msec/. This function is intended for power
users which require a customised or more secure system configuration.
Tenga en cuenta que los parámetros modificados por el usuario tienen
prioridad sobre los ajustes de nivel por defecto.
Alertas de seguridad:
If you check the box Send security alerts by email
to:, the security alerts generated by msec are going to be sent
by local e-mail to the security administrator named in the nearby field. You
can fill either a local user or a complete e-mail address (the local e-mail
and the e-mail manager must be set accordingly). At last, you can receive
the security alerts directly on your desktop. Check the relevant box to
enable it.
It is strongly advisable to enable the security alerts option in order to
immediately inform the security administrator of possible security
problems. If not, the administrator will have to regularly check the logs
files available in /var/log/security.
Opciones de seguridad:
Creating a customised level is not the only way to customise the computer
security, it is also possible to use the tabs presented here after to change
any option you want. Current configuration for msec is stored in
/etc/security/msec/security.conf. This file contains
the current security level name and the list of all the modifications done
to the options.
Pestaña de seguridad del sistema
Esta ficha muestra todas las opciones de seguridad en la columna de la
izquierda, una descripción en la columna central, y sus valores actuales en
la columna de la derecha.
To modify an option, double click on it and a new window appears (see
screenshot below). It displays the option name, a short description, the
actual and default values, and a drop down list where the new value can be
selected. Click on the OK button to validate the
choice.
Do not forget when leaving msecgui to save definitively your configuration
using the menu File -> Save the configuration. If you
have changed the settings, msecgui allows you to preview the changes before
saving them.
Perfil de red
This tab displays all the network options and works like the previous tab
Pestaña controles periódicos
Revisiones periódicas tienen como objetivo informar al administrador de
seguridad por medio de alertas de seguridad de todas las situaciones que
msec cree potencialmente peligrosas.
This tab displays all the periodic checks done by msec and their frequency
if the box Enable periodic security checks is
checked. Changes are done like in the previous tabs.
Pestaña excepciones
A veces, los mensajes de alerta se deben a situaciones conocidas y
buscadas. En estos casos se trata de tiempo inútil y perdido para el
administrador. Esta ficha le permite crear tantas excepciones que se quiere
evitar los mensajes de alerta no deseados. Evidentemente, esta vacía en el
primer arranque msec. La siguiente captura de pantalla muestra cuatro
excepciones.
Para crear una excepción, pulse en el botón Añadir una
regla
Select the wanted periodic check in the drop down list called
Check and then, enter the
Exception in the text area. Adding an exception is
obviously not definitive, you can either delete it using the
Delete button of the Exceptions
tab or modify it with a double clicK.
Permisos
Esta ficha está destinada a los permisos de archivos y directorios de
comprobación y la observancia.
Like for the security, msec owns different permissions levels (standard,
secure, ..), they are enabled accordingly with the chosen security
level. You can create your own customised permissions levels, saving them
into specific files called perm.<levelname> placed
into the folder etc/security/msec/ . This function is
intended for power users which require a customised configuration. It is
also possible to use the tab presented here after to change any permission
you want. Current configuration is stored in
/etc/security/msec/perms.conf. This file contains the
list of all the modifications done to the permissions.
Permisos predeterminados son visibles como una lista de reglas (una regla
por línea). Se puede ver en el lado izquierdo, el archivo o la carpeta que
se trate por la regla, el dueño, el grupo y luego los permisos dados por
la regla. Si, por una regla dada:
the box Enforce is not checked, msec only checks if the
defined permissions for this rule are respected and sends an alert message
if not, but does not change anything.
the box Enforce is checked, then msec will rule the
permissions respect at the first periodic check and overwrite the
permissions.
For this to work, the option CHECK_PERMS in the Periodic check tab must be configured accordingly.To create a new rule, click on the Add a rule button
and fill the fields as shown in the example below. The joker * is allowed in
the File field. “current” means no modification.
Click on the OK button to validate the choice and do
not forget when leaving to save definitively your configuration using the
menu File -> Save the configuration. If you have changed
the settings, msecgui allows you to preview the changes before saving them.
It is also possible to create or modify the rules by editing the
configuration file /etc/security/msec/perms.conf.
Changes in the Permission tab (or directly
in the configuration file) are taken into account at the first periodic
check (see the option CHECK_PERMS in the Periodic
checks tab). If you want them to be taken immediately into
account, use the msecperms command in a console with root rights. You can
use before, the msecperms -p command to know the permissions that will be
changed by msecperms.
Do not forget that if you modify the permissions in a console or in a file
manager, for a file where the box Enforce is checked
in the Permissions tab , msecgui will write
the old permissions back after a while, accordingly to the configuration of
the options CHECK_PERMS and CHECK_PERMS_ENFORCE in the Periodic Checks tab .