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+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:ns5="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:ns42="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs" version="5.0" xml:lang="zh_CN">
+
+
+ <info>
+ <!-- Made by Lebarhon 2014 03 26 -->
+<title xml:id="Select-and-use-ISOs-ti1">Select and use ISOs</title>
+ </info>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>简介</title>
+
+ <para>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to choose
+which image match your needs.</para>
+
+ <para>There is two families of media:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a process
+allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your target
+system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized installation,
+in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you will install.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system without
+installing it, to see what you will get after installation. The
+installation process is simpler, but you get lesser choices.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Details are given in the next sections.</para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Media</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Definition</title>
+
+ <para>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows you to
+install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical support the ISO
+file is copied to.</para>
+
+ <para>You can find them <link
+ns4:href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/">here</link>.</para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Classical installation media</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Common features</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>These ISOs use the traditional installer called drakx.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>They are able to make a clean install or an update from previous releases.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>DVD</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Different media for architecture 32 or 64 bits.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue System, Memory Test,
+Hardware Detection Tool.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and languages.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add non free software.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>DVD dual arch</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Both architectures are present on the same medium, the choice is made
+automatically according to the detected CPU.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Uses Xfce desktop only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Not all languages are available. (be, bg, ca, de, en, es, fr, it, mk, pl,
+pt, ru, sv, uk) TO BE CHECKED!</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>It contains non free software.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Live media</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Common features</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Can be used to preview the distribution without installing it on a HDD, and
+optionally install Mageia on to your HDD.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (KDE or GNOME).</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis role="bold">Live ISOs can only be used to create clean
+installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous
+releases.</emphasis></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>They contain non free software.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Live CD KDE</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>KDE desktop environment only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>English language only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>32 bit only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Live CD GNOME</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>GNOME desktop environment only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>English language only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>32 bit only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Live DVD KDE</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>KDE desktop environment only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>All languages are present.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Live DVD GNOME</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>GNOME desktop environment only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>All languages are present.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Boot-only CD media</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Common features</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Each one is a small image that contains no more than that which is needed to
+start the drakx installer and find drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages
+that are needed to continue and complete the install. These packages may be
+on the PC hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the
+Internet.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are convenient when
+bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC without a DVD drive or a
+PC that can't boot from a USB stick.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>English language only.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>boot.iso</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Contains only free software, for those people who refuse to use non-free
+software.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>boot-nonfree.iso</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for people who need
+it.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Downloading and Checking Media</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>下载中</title>
+
+ <para>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using either http or
+BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some information, such as the
+mirror in use and the possibility to change if the bandwidth is to low. If
+http is chosen, you may also see something like</para>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="Checking.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only one of
+them. Keep one of them <link linkend="integrity">for further
+usage</link>. Then this window appears:</para>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="Download.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para>Check the radio button Save File.</para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title xml:id="integrity">Checking the downloaded media integrity</title>
+
+ <para>Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm from the
+file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to recalculate this
+number from your downloaded file, either you have the same number and your
+downloaded file is correct, or the number is different and you have a
+failure. A failure infers that you should retry the download.</para>
+
+ <para>Open a console, no need to be root, and:</para>
+
+ <para>- To use md5sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <userinput>md5sum
+path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput>.</para>
+
+ <para>- To use sha1sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <userinput>sha1sum
+path/to/the/image/file.iso</userinput>.</para>
+
+ <para>and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to wait for a
+while) with the number given by Mageia. Example:</para>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="../Md5sum.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para/>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Burn or dump the ISO</title>
+
+ <para>The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB
+stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a boot-able
+medium.</para>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>将ISO文件刻录到CD或DVD</title>
+
+ <para>Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set correctly
+to <emphasis role="bold">burn an image</emphasis>, burn data or files is not
+correct. There is more information in <link
+ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images">the Mageia
+wiki</link>.</para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Dump the ISO to a USB stick</title>
+
+ <para>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a USB stick
+and then use it to boot and install the system.</para>
+
+ <warning>
+ <para>"dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous file-system on
+the device; any other data will be lost and the partition capacity will be
+reduced to the image size.</para>
+ </warning>
+
+ <para>To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and re-format
+the USB stick.</para>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Using a graphical tool within Mageia</title>
+
+ <para>You can use a graphical tool like <link
+ns4:href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks">IsoDumper</link></para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Using a graphical tool within Windows</title>
+
+ <para>You could try:</para>
+
+ <para>- <link ns4:href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US">Rufus</link> using the
+"ISO image" option;</para>
+
+ <para>- <link ns4:href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager">Win32
+Disk Imager</link></para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system</title>
+
+ <warning>
+ <para>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to overwrite a
+disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong.</para>
+ </warning>
+
+ <para>You can also use the dd tool in a console:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open a console</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Become root with the command <userinput>su -</userinput> (don't forget the
+final '-' )</para>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="../Root.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Plug your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not open any
+application or file manager that could access or read it)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter the command <userinput>fdisk -l</userinput></para>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+<imageobject> <imagedata fileref="../Fdisk.png"/> </imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para>Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command
+<code>dmesg</code>: at end, you see the device name starting with
+<emphasis>sd</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sdd</emphasis> in this case:</para>
+
+ <screen>[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
+[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
+[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
+[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
+[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
+[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
+[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
+[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
+[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
+[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
+[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 2GB 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
+[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
+[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
+[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
+[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
+[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
+[72595.967251] <emphasis>sdd</emphasis>: sdd1
+[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</screen>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for example
+<code>/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB USB stick.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter the command: # <userinput>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file of=/dev/sdX
+bs=1M</userinput></para>
+
+ <para>Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc</para>
+
+ <para>Example: # <userinput>dd if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-4-x86_64-DVD.iso
+of=/dev/sdb bs=1M</userinput></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter the command: # <userinput>sync</userinput></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Unplug your USB stick, it is done</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</section> \ No newline at end of file