aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Select-and-use-ISOs.html
blob: c2f71d6e58743b154a4b7a4d2860565a2e0b019e (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
<html>
   <head>
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
   
      <title>Select and use ISOs</title>
      <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2">
      <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Installation with DrakX">
      <link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Installation with DrakX">
      <link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="Installation with DrakX">
      <link rel="next" href="installer.html" title="DrakX, the Mageia Installer"><style xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" type="text/css">
         <!--
      body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px }
      table { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px }
    --></style></head>
   <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
      <div lang="" class="section" title="Select and use ISOs">
         <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
               <div>
                  <h2 class="title"><a name="Select-and-use-ISOs"></a>Select and use ISOs
                  </h2>
               </div>
            </div>
         </div>
           
         
           
         
           
         <div class="section" title="Introduction">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e19"></a>Introduction
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
            
                
            <p>Mageia is distributed via ISO images. This page will help you to
                   choose which image match your needs.
            </p>
            
                
            <p>There is two families of media:</p>
            
                
            <div class="itemizedlist">
               <ul class="itemizedlist">
                  <li class="listitem">
                             
                     <p>Classical installer: After booting the media, it will follow a
                        process allowing to choose what to install and how to configure your
                                target system. This give you the maximal flexibility for a customized
                                installation, in particular to choose which Desktop Environment you
                                will install.
                     </p>
                           
                  </li>
                  <li class="listitem">
                             
                     <p>LIVE media: you can boot the media in a real Mageia system
                                without installing it, to see what you will get after installation.
                                The installation process is simpler, but you get lesser
                                choices.
                     </p>
                           
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </div>
            
                
            <p>Details are given in the next sections.</p>
              
         </div>
         
           
         <div class="section" title="Media">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e29"></a>Media
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Definition">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e31"></a>Definition
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>Here, a medium (plural: media) is an ISO image file that allows
                        you to install and/or update Mageia and by extension any physical
                        support the ISO file is copied to.
               </p>
               
                     
               <p>You can find them <a class="ulink" href="http://www.mageia.org/en/downloads/" target="_top">here</a>.
               </p>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Classical installation media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e36"></a>Classical installation media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Common features">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e38"></a>Common features
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>These ISOs use the traditional installer called
                                          drakx.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>They are able to make a clean install or an update from
                                          previous releases.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="DVD">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e45"></a>DVD
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for architecture 32 or 64 bits.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Some tools are available in the Welcome screen: Rescue
                                          System, Memory Test, Hardware Detection Tool.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Each DVD contains many available desktop environments and
                                          languages.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>You'll be given the choice during the installation to add
                                          non free software.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="DVD dual arch">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e56"></a>DVD dual arch
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Both architectures are present on the same medium, the
                                          choice is made automatically according to the detected CPU.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Uses Xfce desktop only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Not all languages are available. (be, bg, ca, de, en, es,
                                          fr, it, mk, pl, pt, ru, sv, uk) TO BE CHECKED!
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>It contains non free software.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Live media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e67"></a>Live media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Common features">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e69"></a>Common features
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Can be used to preview the distribution without installing
                                          it on a HDD, and optionally install Mageia on to your HDD.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Each ISO contains only one desktop environment (KDE or
                                          GNOME).
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p><span class="bold"><strong>Live ISOs can only be used to create
                                                clean installations, they cannot be used to upgrade from previous
                                                releases.</strong></span></p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>They contain non free software.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live CD KDE">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e83"></a>Live CD KDE
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>KDE desktop environment only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>English language only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>32 bit only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live CD GNOME">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e92"></a>Live CD GNOME
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>GNOME desktop environment only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>English language only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>32 bit only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live DVD KDE">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e101"></a>Live DVD KDE
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>KDE desktop environment only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>All languages are present.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Live DVD GNOME">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e110"></a>Live DVD GNOME
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>GNOME desktop environment only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>All languages are present.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Boot-only CD media">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e119"></a>Boot-only CD media
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Common features">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e121"></a>Common features
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Each one is a small image that contains no more than that
                                          which is needed to start the drakx installer and find
                                          drakx-installer-stage2 and other packages that are needed to
                                          continue and complete the install. These packages may be on the PC
                                          hard disk, on a local drive, on a local network or on the
                                          Internet.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>These media are very light (less than 100 MB) and are
                                          convenient when bandwidth is too low to download a full DVD, a PC
                                          without a DVD drive or a PC that can't boot from a USB
                                          stick.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Different media for 32 or 64 bit architectures.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>English language only.</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="boot.iso">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e132"></a>boot.iso
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Contains only free software, for those people who refuse to
                                          use non-free software.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="boot-nonfree.iso">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e137"></a>boot-nonfree.iso
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                     <ul class="itemizedlist">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Contains non-free software (mostly drivers, codecs...) for
                                          people who need it.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ul>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
              
         </div>
         
           
         <div class="section" title="Downloading and Checking Media">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e142"></a>Downloading and Checking Media
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Downloading">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e144"></a>Downloading
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>Once you have chosen your ISO file, you can download it using
                        either http or BitTorrent. In both cases, a window gives you some
                        information, such as the mirror in use and the possibility to change if
                        the bandwidth is to low. If http is chosen, you may also see something
                        like
               </p>
               
                     
               
                     
               <p>md5sum and sha1sum are tools to check the ISO integrity. Use only
                        one of them. Keep one of them <a class="link" href="Select-and-use-ISOs.html#integrity">for further
                           usage</a>. Then this window appears:
               </p>
               
                     
               
                     
               <p>Check the radio button Save File.</p>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Checking the downloaded media integrity">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e156"></a>Checking the downloaded media
                                 integrity
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>Both checksums are hexadecimal numbers calculated by an algorithm
                        from the file to be downloaded. When you ask these algorithms to
                        recalculate this number from your downloaded file, either you have the
                        same number and your downloaded file is correct, or the number is
                        different and you have a failure. A failure infers that you should retry
                        the download.
               </p>
               
                     
               <p>Open a console, no need to be root, and:</p>
               
                     
               <p>- To use md5sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>md5sum
                              path/to/the/image/file.iso</code></strong>.
               </p>
               
                     
               <p>- To use sha1sum, type: [sam@localhost]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sha1sum
                              path/to/the/image/file.iso</code></strong>.
               </p>
               
                     
               <p>and compare the obtained number on your computer (you may have to
                        wait for a while) with the number given by Mageia. Example:
               </p>
               
                     
               
                     
               <p></p>
                   
            </div>
              
         </div>
         
           
         <div class="section" title="Burn or dump the ISO">
            <div class="titlepage">
               <div>
                  <div>
                     <h3 class="title"><a name="d5e169"></a>Burn or dump the ISO
                     </h3>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
                
            
                
            <p>The checked ISO can now be burned to a CD or DVD or dumped to a USB
                   stick. These operations are not a simple copy and aim to make a boot-able
                   medium.
            </p>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e172"></a>Burning the ISO to a CD/DVD
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>Use whatever burner you wish but ensure the burning device is set
                        correctly to <span class="bold"><strong>burn an image</strong></span>, burn data
                        or files is not correct. There is more information in <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Writing_CD_and_DVD_images" target="_top">the
                           Mageia wiki</a>.
               </p>
                   
            </div>
            
                
            <div class="section" title="Dump the ISO to a USB stick">
               <div class="titlepage">
                  <div>
                     <div>
                        <h4 class="title"><a name="d5e177"></a>Dump the ISO to a USB stick
                        </h4>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
                     
               
                     
               <p>All Mageia ISOs are hybrids, which means you can 'dump' them to a
                        USB stick and then use it to boot and install the system.
               </p>
               
                     
               <div class="warning" title="Warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                  <table border="0" summary="Warning">
                     <tr>
                        <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Warning]" src="warning.png"></td>
                        <th align="left"></th>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td align="left" valign="top">
                                   
                           <p>"dumping" an image onto a flash device destroys any previous
                                      file-system on the device; any other data will be lost and the
                                      partition capacity will be reduced to the image size.
                           </p>
                                 
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </table>
               </div>
               
                     
               <p>To recover the original capacity, you must redo partitioning and
                        re-format the USB stick.
               </p>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Mageia">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e183"></a>Using a graphical tool within Mageia
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <p>You can use a graphical tool like <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mageia.org/en/IsoDumper_Writing_ISO_images_on_USB_sticks" target="_top">IsoDumper</a></p>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Using a graphical tool within Windows">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e187"></a>Using a graphical tool within Windows
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <p>You could try:</p>
                  
                          
                  <p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://rufus.akeo.ie/?locale=en_US" target="_top">Rufus</a> using the
                             "ISO image" option;
                  </p>
                  
                          
                  <p>- <a class="ulink" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager" target="_top">Win32 Disk
                                Imager</a></p>
                        
               </div>
               
                     
               <div class="section" title="Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system">
                  <div class="titlepage">
                     <div>
                        <div>
                           <h5 class="title"><a name="d5e194"></a>Using Command line within a GNU/Linux system
                           </h5>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
                          
                  
                          
                  <div class="warning" title="Warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                     <table border="0" summary="Warning">
                        <tr>
                           <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Warning]" src="warning.png"></td>
                           <th align="left"></th>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td align="left" valign="top">
                                        
                              <p>It is potentially *dangerous* to do this by hand. You risk to
                                           overwrite a disc partition if you get the device-ID wrong.
                              </p>
                                      
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
                  
                          
                  <p>You can also use the dd tool in a console:</p>
                  
                          
                  <div class="orderedlist">
                     <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Open a console</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Become root with the command <strong class="userinput"><code>su -</code></strong>
                                          (don't forget the final '-' )
                           </p>
                           
                                       
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Plug your USB stick (do not mount it, this also means do not
                                          open any application or file manager that could access or read
                                          it)
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Enter the command <strong class="userinput"><code>fdisk -l</code></strong></p>
                           
                                       
                           
                                       
                           <p>Alternatively, you can get the device name with the command
                                          <code class="code">dmesg</code>: at end, you see the device name starting with
                                          <span class="emphasis"><em>sd</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span> in this
                                          case:
                           </p>
                           
                                       <pre class="screen">[72594.604531] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[72594.770528] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000
[72594.770533] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[72594.770536] usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage Device
[72594.770537] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash
[72594.770539] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18MJTWLMPUCC3SSB
[72594.770713] usb 1-1: ep 0x81 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.770719] usb 1-1: ep 0x2 - rounding interval to 128 microframes, ep desc says 255 microframes
[72594.771122] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[72594.772447] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[72595.963238] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JetFlash Transcend 2GB    1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
[72595.963626] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 4194304 512-byte logical blocks: (2.14 GB/2.00 GiB)
[72595.964104] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[72595.964108] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[72595.965025] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[72595.965031] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[72595.967251]  <span class="emphasis"><em>sdd</em></span>: sdd1
[72595.969446] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk</pre>
                                     </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Find the device name for your USB stick (by its size), for
                                          example <code class="code">/dev/sdb</code> in the screenshot above, it is a 8GB
                                          USB stick.
                           </p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Enter the command: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd if=path/to/the/ISO/file
                                                of=/dev/sdX bs=1M</code></strong></p>
                           
                                       
                           <p>Where X=your device name eg: /dev/sdc</p>
                           
                                       
                           <p>Example: # <strong class="userinput"><code>dd
                                                if=/home/user/Downloads/Mageia-4-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdb
                                                bs=1M</code></strong></p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Enter the command: # <strong class="userinput"><code>sync</code></strong></p>
                                     
                        </li>
                        <li class="listitem">
                                       
                           <p>Unplug your USB stick, it is done</p>
                                     
                        </li>
                     </ol>
                  </div>
                        
               </div>
                   
            </div>
              
         </div>
         
      </div>
   </body>
</html>